Hamas began experimenting with tunnels into Egypt in the late 90s, while Hezbollah only adopted the tactic following its 2006 war with Israel. The two groups have spent years exchanging information and sharing techniques around tunnel warfare.
According to Dr Daphne Richemond-Barak, professor at Israel's Reichman University, and author of Underground Warfare: ‘There is electricity and ventilation. Some contain sleeping quarters, with mattresses and fridges and kitchen. There are also military bases with all the requisite equipment. It's all geared toward being able to stay underground for prolonged periods.
Hezbollah's tunnel network was built with help from North Korea. According to Richemond-Barak: ‘Hezbollah's tunnels are built to be massive invasion tunnels and are reminiscent of what North Korea planned to do to South Korea. We have evidence that the North Koreans met with Hezbollah – and the results are clear here.’ Alma says the tunnels were also constructed with the help of Iranian companies – including those with links to Iran's Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC).
In addition to the artillery shells, there are also reports that Russia has received substantial quantities of ballistic missiles from North Korea. According to estimates from South Korean intelligence, Russia had received around five million artillery shells from Pyongyang by the summer of 2024. These supplies have been crucial in allowing the Russian military to sustain its offensive operations, despite sanctions and international efforts to restrict its access to military hardware.
Recent evidence also points to the continued delivery of North Korean ballistic missiles to Moscow. These shipments are believed to have intensified following the Putin-Kim meeting, further strengthening military ties between the two countries. Such developments raise concerns about the extent of North Korea's involvement in the ongoing war in Ukraine and the potential for further escalation.
https://eutoday.net/north-korea-provides-50-of-russias-artillery/