Chinese Americans faced serious discrimination before 1870. Today, they are successful mainstream Americans.
Irish Americans faced serious discrimination before 1880. Today, they are successful mainstream Americans.
Italian Americans faced serious discrimination before 1935. Today, they are successful mainstream Americans.
Jewish Americans faced serious discrimination before 1945. Today, they are successful mainstream Americans.
Japanese Americans faced serious discrimination before 1960. Today, they are successful mainstream Americans.
Vietnamese Americans faced serious discrimination before 1980. Today, they are successful mainstream Americans.
Black Americans faced serious discrimination before 1865. Today, they are still having serious problems. As long as they believe those problems are caused by white inflexibility, those problems will continue.
It depends on where one lives, but outside the South, I would say that blacks generally faced serious discrimination into the 1960's, with lingering c***p going on much longer. In the South, there was still the era of massive resistance to work through, so tack on a decade or more.
Black people now in their 60's and 70's can personally remember formal, legal discrimination. Their children were raised in a very different world but carried a lot of their parents' baggage. Their grandchildren are now young adults. Those whose families escaped the various pathologies of the underclass are generally quite assimilated and, in my vast experience (as a longtime DC resident with kids in school), tend to have many white friends. Unfortunately, the self-destructive, antagonistic ghetto culture has ensnared too many, and that's where the problem lies.
On my optimistic days, I sometimes think the rising generation will be the one to slay the old dragons. On my good days ....
There's something to be said for wandering 40 years in the wilderness waiting for the old generation to die off. The Irish had to be three or four generations in America before enough of them sobered up enough to realize that they couldn't blame the British any longer, and maybe they had to step up. The Jewish immigrants of the sweatshop era worked ferociously hard; their children did well; and their third generation is legendary. For our black brethren, the question is when to start the generational clock. Any date is arbitrary but if I had to pick, I'd say 1964/65.