It seems that the early cases took the second amendment on face value “shall not be infringed”. I suspect that all of the amendments were not treated the same.
“Congress shall make no law” clearly did not apply to the states. It applies to Congress.
Given that, the states generally obeyed the prescriptions of the bill of rights, but tensions built up, especially surrounding slavery. Many of the laws infringing on the second amendment, by the states, were about keeping slaves and free blacks disarmed.
And infringing on free speech and press to shut abolitionists up.