I was told, also retired military officers, people living on the other side of the Green Line, and hunters.
My cousin served in the Israeli Military(its required, when you turn 18 you join the military, unless your very religious) and she still has her gun..not sure if she is allowed to carry it around with her but she does have it. When I visited Jerusalem, it was absolutely beautiful, but hot(Went in June) saw the Wall, visited the many shops, and you see military everywhere, went to the bathroom and there were a few female soldiers carrying their rifles and just talking amongst themselves