The right to bears arms is a fundamental right. The Second Amendment does not confer the right — it exists in every free man and woman.
Yes, the Bill of Rights confers no rights on the People; the People already possessed these rights and others long before the Bill of Rights was even a gleam in anyone’s eye.
What the Bill of Rights does do is to prohibit the federal government from attempting to interfere with these rights in any way. That’s largely been forgotten since the idea has gradually passed from favor in the schools since the coming of the Progressive era a century ago.
No, European style, rights are seen as something bestowed on the lowly by the grace and good will of those on high.