I think there’s pretty solid evidence on both rewarding and punishing being effective ways to change behavior.
Especially with those lacking understanding of the danger of certain behaviors, a punishment that is quick and painful is actually a pain barrier that you’ve established to have an extremely important point obeyed.
It can be an extremely loving act.
Go figure...
You'd think the Japanese would have a word for that.
Saved my life more than once.
/johnny
One must distinguish between the natural consequence of an action - good or bad - and punishment by a parent. The evidence is unequivocal: spanking/physical intervention doesn’t work. Negativism doesn’t work and neither does anger or nagging. The only long run effective parenting technique is positive reinforcement with redirection as needed, including time outs. That’s it.