The masters of their craft seem to have that ability. Some call it the Right Stuff.
I did some checking and it seems Spielberg backs up that version. So, they did do two takes, but only used the sober (hungover) version.
Here’s an interesting tidbit that I found from the interview:
“But then when I showed the script to my friend John Milius, John said, Can I take a crack at this speech? and John wrote a 10-page monologue that was absolutely brilliant, but out-sized for the Jaws I was making! But it was brilliant and then Robert Shaw took the speech and Robert did the cut down Robert took a crack at the speech and he brought it down to five pages.”
So one of the few right-wingers in Hollywood, John Milius (Red Dawn) wrote the original version of the Indianapolis speech!