Common Core math graduate? Or New Math, Giles?
You assign mathematical functions and properties that are entirely in your imagination and emotion-based because you think in terms of intent AND fear instead of the actual value of a vote.
I am truly sorry you are handicapped with common core math skills, but I will reiterate - because repetition is the foundation of learning.
If neither A nor B have any votes
A vote for A gives A one more vote than B, or +1
A vote for B gives B one more vote than A, or -1
A vote for neither leaves them both equal or 0
The difference between voting for A and voting for B is 1 - (-1) which is 2
The difference between voting for A or B and not voting at all is either 1 - 0 or 0 - (-1). Both equal 1
1 is EXACTLY 1/2 of 2.
Therefor, the value of a vote cast is double the value of an uncast vote.
Suppose you want to punish B. If you don’t vote for either A or B (assuming they are the only viable candidates), then you have punished B by withholding your vote - a punishment value of 1.
But if you punish B by voting for A, the difference is 2, and twice the punishment is given.
This is all straightforward mathematics. Hope it helps your understanding.