Our preparation, all around, was lacking.
But the fight lasted five months - our positions were not overrun in one day.
Remember also that Pearl Harbor compromised the Philippine plan of defense.
But not even considering it as a possibility was a huge failure of American imagination. Probably largely attributable to racist notions of Oriental inferiority.
I would chalk it up to bureaucratism, not racism.
I think the thought process was: "No one would attack Hawaii first."
Not: "Attacking Hawaii would make sense if our enemy were our equals, not our inferiors."
I'm not saying there was no general atmosphere of racism, just that this was more a failure of imagination than anything else.
Also, the Japanese themselves knew they were really stretching their capabilities: no one expected to come home.
Well, that's one way of looking at it.
Another is that the Japanese landed on 12 December, and on 24 December MacArthur implicitly admitted defeat in the Battle of Philippines by ordering retreat to Bataan, giving up the rest of the islands to the Japanese.
The American and Filipino defense of Bataan was heroic, but never had even the slightest chance of being anything other than a last stand defeat.
Arguably it delayed the Japanese plans and allowed some time for the counterattack to get started at Guadalcanal and elsewhere.
That the defense of Bataan lasted as long as it did was due at least as much to the Japanese pulling their frontline troops out for use elsewhere as it did to the American resistance. The second and third rate troops replacing them took a lot longer to accomplish the inevitable. But the Americans were penned and were no threat to Japan's plans. In fact, I'd argue that it would have made more military sense for the Japanese to just block the exits from Bataan and wait for starvation to do its job. Why lose men attacking when the end is going to be the same either way?
The only way Bataan could have turned out differently would have been for a US naval force to get command of the seas in the area. But that was far beyond the capabilities of the Navy at the time.