As I recall, a squadron of Typhoons are based on the Falklands.
The entire Argentine Air Force wouldn't be a match for them.
The Brits will need more that a squadron of Typhoons to deal with the Argentinians, if that is all they have on the islands.
That is unless there is some damned good, long range AA missiles around to take out the Ars early on.
However, aren’t the Typhoons also bombers? If so, they would be better suited to hitting the mainland or at least the Argentinian Navy (assuming the subs don’t get them all).
One should always have a mix & match air force when confronted by a possible attack. That is why the Harriers are so important. Can land on a dime, carry a mixed weapons payload, and also act as fighters. Which is exactly why the US dropped them. Too efficient and not very costly.
The Brits also have the old Blowpipe AA missile and I assume a couple newer generations of them we haven’t seen. Hopefully every household in the Falklands has one in the closet.
British logistical systems are for crap. It was the US that helped the Brits in the 1980’s resupply their forces.
That is why an aircraft carrier is so important, even if it is only a small one. Lesson not learned by the British even as far back as WW2 (Believe they lost the Ark and the Dove to the Japs which killed their offensive and defensive capabilities re Singapore, Burma, etc.