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Among all 25- to 34-year-olds living in the United States, 10.6 percent of those with masters, professional or doctoral degrees are foreign born, compared with 8.5 percent of native-born young people....

Actually I think it's saying that they are only counting 8.5% of the native-born young with no parameters set for what constitutes 'young' and no indication that they have any relation to "those with masters, professional or doctoral degrees" or what the comparison is that is alluded to. The closer you look at it the more incoherent it gets.

Then again, dissecting the syntax of a nonsensical statement might in itself be insane. ;-)

Well, it would make perfect sense if you said, for example:

"Among all 25- to 34-year-olds living in the United States, 10.6 percent of those with masters, professional or doctoral degrees are foreign born, compared with 8.5 percent of trade union members ."

Here the parallel construction points in a sensible direction.