1). Anything else? They do (the penny, the nickel, etc.). Those have historically been ‘fiat’; but they are NOT valid for debt (only gold/silver).
2). No, those was the failing of our G/Great-grandparents. D.C. should have been a smoldering heap IMHO. Let’s not forget Nixon in the theft as well.
3). I can’t see how ‘coining’ = ‘printing’ = ‘make’. States are not allowed to mint/print/make/etc., they can ONLY assure gold/silver are payment of debt (A1S10) [note, it specifies gold and silver COIN as the latter]
4). Fiat currency is a its heart DEBT. It is a fiction masquerading as value, created out of NOTHING. It goes hand in hand with spending and interest. Do you believe, if we still had a true monetary policy, Congress could rack up $17+TRILLION ($120T+ unfunded liabilities)??
5). Those functions/departments are under control of Congress, the ‘Federal Reserve’ is not.
I can pay debts with pennies and nickels.
States are not allowed to mint/print/make/etc., they can ONLY assure gold/silver are payment of debt
Correct. If states want to make their own money, they must use gold and silver. The Federal government doesn't need to use gold and silver.
Fiat currency is a its heart DEBT.
The $20 in my wallet isn't debt.
It goes hand in hand with spending and interest. Do you believe, if we still had a true monetary policy, Congress could rack up $17+TRILLION
Did a gold standard stop Lincoln, Wilson and FDR from racking up enormous debts?
Those functions/departments are under control of Congress, the ‘Federal Reserve’ is not.
The Fed is under the control of Congress. The Fed could be eliminated tomorrow, with a majority vote in both Houses and the signature of the president.