Dershowitz is correct. "NBC" is directly tied and interchangeable with citizens at birth, always has been, even for Vattel. He also called NBC "natives."
NBC is also not immutable and definable by federal law. Always has been. In fact the very first Congress and President Washington did so to include those born overseas to citizen parents in 1798.
I didn't bother quoting the rest of your comment because this one section demonstrates that you have a massive error in your analysis.
Congress does not have the power to redefine ANY terms in the US Constitution. If they had that power they could define "Arms" as back scratchers, and we could have no guns. They could define "Press" as meaning "wine press" and we would have no more newspapers.
The notion that congress can change the meaning of constitutional words by passing laws is not only stupid, it is incredibly dangerous. On this you are absolutely wrong. Congress cannot change the meaning of ANYTHING in the US Constitution without passing a Constitutional amendment.