“Please forgive my ignorance, but what is the difference between a Roman Catholic and other Catholics? Is it like the difference between say a Anglican and a Baptist?”
No, there are eastern Catholic Churches (loyal to the Pope) that have their own hierarchies ad traditions (for example, for many of them their priests can be married). They are Churches in Ukraine, India, Iraq, Egypt, Greece, Lebanon, etc.; some are counterparts to Orthodox Churches that separated in 1054, while some have no Orthodox counterpart. They are Catholics, but not “Roman Catholics”.
Jesuits are a religious order in the western (Latin, or Roman Catholic) Church.
So the Roman Catholic line runs through the empirical Roman line and the others trace back through the Hebrew/Greek line or something close to that? Do the other Orthodox Churches have their own Popes or equivalants?
Sorry for the questions.