Is BSA federally funded?
The short answer is no. Cub and Boy Scout units were once chartered on U.S. military bases but the ACLU put the kybosh on that in the early 2000s. Same goes for the National Jamboree which was hosted by the U.S. Army at Ft. A.P. Hill, VA, from 1980-2010. Those days are gone.
The confusion among volunteers at the unit (Pack, Troop) level is the difference in funding for the national council, the local council, and the individual units. Basically, the units are expected to fund themselves. They do get some help from the local councils during the annual fall popcorn sale (proceeds are split between the units and the council with the units getting the lion's share).
Local councils are mostly funded by ...
1. local United Way Chapters
2. annual Friends of Scouting (FoS) drives
3. annual Trails End popcorn sale (the Cubs are the biggest sellers)
4. private donations (individual endowments, corporations)
5. cyclical capital campaigns (~every 7 years, foundation grants)
6. annual membership dues
7. Mutual of Omaha offers accident and sickness insurance coverage to Scouts and Scouters which furnishes medical reimbursement in case of death, accident, or sickness within the policy amounts. Most likely, BSA gets a commission for policies sold.
8. special events - charity trap/skeet shoots, charity golf tournaments, recognition/motivational banquets
9. trading post sales during summer camp
10. Scout Shop sales at local council service centers.