They’re not teaching the latter form in any high school - as you point out, the abstract stuff is for math majors.
The high school variant, as you also point out, can be learned by rote.
And therein lies the issue: The modern teaching methods movement decries “drill and kill,” but want to know something? There are some things where “drills” work just fine. I don’t have to even think about how to multiply numbers up to 15, because we memorized them. If I had to think about how to do multiplication, I would have never made it through all the math involved in electrical engineering.
Here’s the teaching method that would solve most all of today’s problems in education:
http://www.southparkstudios.com/clips/103440/drug-free-treatment
One of the funniest scenes from south park.