There are some interesting arguments here for why the earth may not be 4+ billion years old, nor the universe 14.
But remember, to make the Genesis chronology work literally, it's not enough to prove a younger earth than that. It's necessary to prove a really, really, really, really, really, really, really young earth. An earth in which (for example) the Great Pyramid was built when the entire universe was scarcely five thousand years old.
And this does create some problems, because if a single unimpeachable measurement can show that the universe is (say) more than 100,000 years old, biblical inerrantists have to posit that physical processes don't work now as they have in the past.
Take for example astronomical parallax and the observed speed of light. If the universe is only 10,000 years old, then either (1) the universe was created with galactic expansion already 99+% of the way from the big bang to what we see now, or (2) the speed of light was several orders of magnitude faster in previous millennia than it is presently.
Item #92 in your link above directly addresses this, but with the conclusion that the universe may "only" be 100 million years old. This is equally as fatal to the Genesis chronology as is 14 billion, a point that the authors chose for some reason not to address.
Both (1) and (2) above give the impression that God is playing a cosmic con game with our minds and senses, which to me is a far more frightening concept than that of no God at all.
Prior post you stated: “And this does create some problems, because if a single unimpeachable measurement can show that the universe is (say) more than 100,000 years old, biblical inerrantists have to posit that physical processes don’t work now as they have in the past.”
I would simply conclude that we will always have some very inconclusive and controversial science and natural clocks too. But when the natural clocks are all reviewed as an amalgamtion they surely do point back to a time of one beginning, a singularity of Earth and Universe, a big bang if you will ~ an explosion/expansion so unique it added order and beauty to all of creation.
Science has not yet determined how to accurately read all the various and sundry natural clocks. What catastrophic events may affect them profoundly? Has anything truly been observed to proceed only uniformly in this Earth/Universe? If you wish to apply radiometric dating I would ask:
Has science observed any/all decay rates closely enough for all situations (i.e. lightning, tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sunspots, big bang, etc.) to conclude that are always completely uniform?
“Take for example astronomical parallax and the observed speed of light. If the universe is only 10,000 years old, then either (1) the universe was created with galactic expansion already 99+% of the way from the big bang to what we see now, or (2) the speed of light was several orders of magnitude faster in previous millennia than it is presently.”
Interesting that you bring these up as well - I’d have to agree the very early universe does appear to break all known natural laws beginning with the singularity or taken to a further extreme creation ex nihilo [out of nothing]or ‘in the beginning God’. Yet cosmic background radiation levels and the heat signature of the Universe both appear to also support only thousands of years.
Have you seen this creation week math? Positing, if God did set aside all natural laws in a supernatural creation week then the 1st day relative time lapse for the expansion of the universe may have appeared to allow for 7 to 8 billion years, the 2nd 24 hour day relativity appeared as 3.5 to 4 billion years and so on thru the 6th day with a relative appearance of 13.7 to 15.7 billion years.
Also ‘God rests the 7th day’, what does that whopper of a statement truly mean?