According to Google:
One barrel of Oil has a volume of 42 gallons (US), or 158.9873 liters.
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If an efficient Oil Company makes 10 cents per gallon that would be a profit of 42 gallons X 10 cents or $4.20 per barrel, assuming that all of the 42 gallons of crude oil could be converted to gasoline. The reality is that this never happens as crude is cracked into a myriad of compounds depending on the content of the crude oil.
The inefficient Governments take 4 X as much or $ 16.80, and spend in on salaries of DOE regulators that spend all their waking hours figuring out more ways to punish Oil Companies that supply America with the cheapest gasoline and diesel fuel in the World.
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Good industry sources of information would be the API, or American Petroleum Institute, and Oil and Gas Journal.
Poor sources include the GSI, or Green Slime Institute located at 1600 Plantation Avenue, District of Corruption, USSA.
I am not sold on that math being accurate. The oil company sells the oil to the refinery. Their profit has nothing to do with the end product. Their profit is tied to their expenses and the price of oil at the time of the sale.
Here is a blurb from a Conoco news release.
All told, ConocoPhillips earned $17.09 per barrel of oil in the second quarter, up from $9.38 in the year-ago period.
Both numbers are much higher than your 4.20 figure. I think it gets even more complex when the company pumps, buys and refines the oil. So I don’t think you can take a number from the price of refined oil and calculate what they make per barrel of oil. I know they can’t sell it internally to their own refinery for less than market rates. So right there is a built in profit.
They may only make 10c a gallon of the refined gasoline but I would be willing to bet every barrel of oil they produce themselves reaps large profit.