Washington could not override the Sovereign authority of the State. In this case is was Governor Mifflin of Pennsylvania.
A proclamation was issued by the President, commanding the insurgents to disperse, while quotas of militia were called for from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey. These Governor Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, who seemed to be in sympathy with the insurgents, hesitated to call out. He was, however, forced either to do so, or to break with the central government, and the militia volunteered in greater numbers than were wanted, even members of the "Society of Friends" joining the force.
The Whisky Rebellion of 1794
Mifflin could have notified President Washington to his face that the State withdrew from the Union...and there is nothing Washington could have done about it.
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Article 4 section 4
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
And on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive means the STATE authority, not the federal one.
At the same time it is properly provided, in order that such interference may not wantonly or arbitrarily take place; that it shall only be on the request of the state authorities:otherwise the self-government of the state might be encroached upon at the pleasure of the Union, and a small state might fear or feel the effects of a combination of larger states against it under colour of constitutional authority;
William Rawle
Except that Washington did do more. The militia of Virginia was called out and led by one General Lee.
Washington actually got a ruling from a supreme court justice to permit his actions.
Washington applied to a justice of the supreme court to get permission to send an army to quell the Whiskey Rebellion, in accordance with the Militia Act of 1792.
So that is the precedent. The 1795 Militia act increased the president’s powers, not requiring application to the court. That was the law under which Lincoln acted.