Highly unlikely given the fact that a typical kidney dialysis takes between 3 to 5 hours and a more thorough treatment takes 6 to 8 hours. And that's using highly sophisticated dialysis machines.
You can't "flush the drugs" out of someone's body via a 45 minute IV...In fact, a typical blood transfusion for one unit of blood takes over 1 1/2 hours.......and that's just to add blood, forget about cleansing all the blood in your body.
If I remember correctly, the most common type of “drug” they use now increases oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, “red blood cell booster erythropoietin (commonly known as EPO)”
It actually doesn’t show up in the blood like cocaine would. The only way to detect it is by measuring the oxygen content of the blood and comparing it to an “average” number.
So I could see if they did a quick blood transfusion it would lower the oxygen content enough to be “average” again.