[phi11yguy19]

i'd hope they all say "both", but i'm sure many ignoramuses like yourself don't have a clue...

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

Prior to the 14th, state citizenship was primary, and U.S. citizenship was the derivative. That truth drove the 14th amendment which flipped that, making U.S. citizenship the primary and state citizenship the derivative - to prevent states from impeding black citizenship by restricting state citizenship.

Either way, the answer to your poll for the constitutionally literate should always be "all of the above." So what was your point again, genius?

[driftless2]

"derivative"

Yeah, I guess that's why all the northern volunteers signed up for the federal army after Lincoln asked for volunteers. They wanted to defend states rights, I guess.