From an imprint of feathers they speculate the penguin was colorful? Wonder if they ever considered that the feathers were from the buzzards that ate the carcass or maybe the penguin died while dressed up for a village people lip sync contest? Sometimes you just have to wonder about archaeologists.
Paleontologists (not archaeologists). Yes, you are right about deducing the color of feathers from a fossil: generally, the fossil is colored by the minerals in the rock as it turned to stone, not by the color of the original feather
No, they didn't. It always helps to read the article.