John Adams, Daniel Webster, John Marshall, Joseph Story... All of them were disciples of Alexander Hamilton and his “national supreme monarchical” plan of centralized government. You might say Hamilton was a Marxist in training. Hamilton’s ideas were soundly defeated at the constitutional convention of 1789. Best read on it is John Taylor’s ‘New Views of the Constitution of the United States’ (1823)... Or you may read the journal of the minutes of the convention of 1789 (Library of Congress)
The General Welfare clause has been so tortured from its intent as to be unrecognizable... Same with the commerce clause. Regulation of commerce, as understood by those who designed it, meant to keep “regular” as in to make certain that the individual states did not prohibit commerce among the several through imposition of tariffs, etc. Providing for the General Welfare meant to provide for the common defense of the several states, to build roads, and to maintain the same standard of taxation across the several states... It had absolutely NOTHING to do with providing for the individual, or even a group of individuals; but only to look after those things that were a matter of public necessity for the federal government, so to ensure the “general welfare” of the INDIVIDUAL STATES!
Chief Justice John Marshall (judicial review) and Chief Justice Joseph Story (Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States) saw to it that the government gained the power to determine and establish its own limits, which is blatantly contrary to the intent of federalism and the plan of the Constitution. Their legal theories placed the Constitution in subservience to the federal government, rather than the Constitution acting as a check upon federal powers. The perversions and generational lies of Marshall, and later Story (his apprentice) have manipulated jurisprudence in favor of centralized control since the early 1800’s. Abraham Lincoln’s tyranny direct resulted from the 60 years of distortion and subtle subversion of the U.S. Constitution affected by the Supreme Court under both Chief Justices. No single man understood this more clearly than Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina.
Far from the Southern States being “rebels,” it was Lincoln and his Northern Army of butchers that were the traitors against the republic. The popular history fed to American children about the “great emancipator” is pure nonsense. He was an absolute tyrant forging a chain of unscrupulous acts of violence against the Constitution, and doing so by way of Alexander Hamilton’s notorious vision.
We are where we are today because of a long history of usurpation of power and instigation of intrigue that had its roots in the monarchical ideas of Hamilton, Adams, Webster, Marshall and Story... reaching its violent design in 1864... and finding another champion in 2008. It is a bitter irony that Barak Hussein Obama should be the heir of Lincoln’s infamous war on the Constitution.
The indisious attack by our would-be masters on We The Sovereign American People has been unrelenting. Have we reached a tipping point yet? We are VERY close but I'm convinced it's not too late to turn back the feral monster. I suspect it will come with a large price tag. Are we willing to pay the price?
I believe the original intent of the Interstate Commerce Act was to “make regular” or regulate the systems of commerce between the states. I know I have read an early case about stock companies or such and different systems that evolved among the states and how Congress stepped forward to push forward one universal system. Ogden and other cases were an evolution of that, but it kept expanding beyond the original intent.
When I have time, I will go back into my archives and try to find it.