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To: Houghton M.
All certificates certify, are certifications.

This is where you went wrong. Certificates don't certify anything. Designated individuals certify that something has taken place. They could record that certification on a brown paper bag. Certificates merely reflect what a properly designated person has certified and recorded.

What does an official certificate forged by an unauthorized person certify? It is a certificate, but a certificate is just a form until valid information is added by a person authorized to certify.

373 posted on 07/28/2009 1:54:53 PM PDT by Will88
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To: Will88

A certificate is the means by which a person certifies, makes a certification. Yeah, the person certifies. In the old days, the Middle Ages, which I study, word of mouth certification was preferred to written certificates because written certifications/certificates could be forged.

But that the certifier is a person doesn’t change the fact that calling document “A” a certificate and document “B” a certification is gibberish, linguistically. A is as much a certification as B is a certification and B is as much a certificate as A is a certificate and both of them are, yes, issued by a certifier.

Which is where this debate started.

I guess it’s time for it to end. You keep moving the goalposts around the field.


378 posted on 07/28/2009 2:03:26 PM PDT by Houghton M.
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