Doubtful.
If one state has a right, all the others in the union share that right. Rhode Island and Virginia made provisions for backing out, so any other state can as well.
There is nothing in the Texas treaty of Annexation allowing for secession. However, there is nothing in the US Constitution forbidding it. I seriously doubt if Congress would stand in the way of secession, provided it was the will of the people of Texas, and if it was done peacefully.