The science of how speciation occurs... is, ahem, evolution.
Not at all, it is a frontloaded capability built in by the Creator. Duh!
Actually the term you’re looking for would be devolution - micro-devolution - since we now know the sub-set of DNA is something less than the original not greater (there’s that darn math again - dohhh!). A wolf has DNA capable of de-evolving into all the dog kinds but a poodle has a very limited DNA that can no longer evolve back into the wolf.