In college physics, anything less than 12 times 12, I did in my head, if they were whole numbers. It’s pretty hard to multiply numbers with 3 decimals in your head. Beyond that I pulled out the trusty slide rule. Square roots and logarithms always required slide rule or a table.
An old timer taught me that .250 is the only number you need to know, if you want a fraction multiply or divide and then convert.