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Beside some states have no bills of rights, there are others provided with very defective ones, and there are others whose bills of rights are not only defective, but absolutely improper; instead of securing some in the full extent which republican principles would require, they limit them too much to agree with the common ideas of liberty.

This is an argument for 14th Amendment incorporation right here as Madison seems to be saying that the purpose of the BoR was to guarantee liberty at the state level as well since some states didn't have individual rights spelled out or they were defective. In other words he didn't believe that the federal BoR was to be limited to the federal government only. Interesting that the collectivists don't bring that up.