[publiusF27]

Yes. I argue that there are no limits to the commerce power, other than constitutional limits.

Wow, then we agree! Who could have imagined it? You think the commerce power should have only the limits found in the clause: that Congress can regulate interstate commerce. ;-)

[robertpaulsen]

"You think the commerce power should have only the limits found in the clause: that Congress can regulate interstate commerce. ;-)"

Correct. As I believe the Necessary and Proper power should have only the limits found in that clause. There are occasions where intrastate activity does have a substantial effect on the interstate commerce that Congress is constitutionally regulating, and where it is both necessary and proper for Congress to regulate that activity.

I have used the example of a private pilot flying from one part of the state to another. An intrastate, non-commercial activity that you say should be off-limits to Congress (the FAA).

I disagree. When that pilot flies into controlled airspace, he has a substantial effect on interstate air traffic and his activity may be regulated -- even prohibited.