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To: rustbucket
If a paper was pro-slavery, did that automatically mean it was biased against the North.

That was what I said. Some could consider such a paper to be "evenhanded" between North and South, even if it was pronouncedly pro-slavery.

But my larger point was that even a paper in a city that still allowed slavery found many personal liberty laws unobjectionable on constitutional grounds, so the problem wasn't as great as it might have appeared at first.

870 posted on 09/09/2007 11:24:24 AM PDT by x
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To: x
But my larger point was that even a paper in a city that still allowed slavery found many personal liberty laws unobjectionable on constitutional grounds, so the problem wasn't as great as it might have appeared at first.

Some states allowed the fugitive slave law to work. From the New York Times of April 6, 1861:

The Last Chicago Slave Case
Chicago. Friday, April 5

The fugitive slaves taken from this city Wednesday morning were examined before Commissioner Cornran [?, hard to read the name], at Springfield, yesterday. The proof that they were fugitives was clear and indisputable, and they were accordingly delivered to their owners. They were taken to St. Louis on the evening train.

At least in this case at this late date, Illinois law allowed the return of fugitive slaves. However, on April 9, 1861 the New York Times reported that many fugitive slaves escaped from Chicago heading to Canada. The case above apparently caused them to flee, suggesting that enforcement had been lax or successful prosecution of the fugitive slave law unsuccessful before then:

Departure of Fugitive Slaves for Canada

Chicago, Monday, April 8. One hundred and six fugitive slaves left this city last night for Canada via the Michigan Southern Railroad. It is estimated that over one thousand fugitives have arrived in this city since last Fall, most of whom have left since the recent arrest of five by the United States Marshal.

Detroit, Monday, April 8. About three hundred fugitive slaves, principally from Illinois, have passed into Canada at this point since Saturday, and large numbers more are reportedly on the way. Many are entirely destitute, and much suffering is anticipated, notwithstanding the efforts made for their relief.

The following gives a broader perspective of the size of the escaped slave problem the South faced before the war [Link]:

The 1850 law led to riots, rescues, and recaptures in Boston, Massachusetts; Syracuse, New York; Christiana, Pennsylvania; Oberlin, Ohio; Racine, Wisconsin; and elsewhere. Federal prosecutions of rescuers often failed. In Christiana more than forty men were indicted for treason after a group of fugitives fought their would-be captors and killed a slaveowner. The defendants were released when U.S. Supreme Court Justice Robert Grier, on circuit, ruled in United States v. Hanway (1851) that opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act did not constitute treason. After these incidents, the act was a dead letter in much of the North. In Ableman v. Booth (1859), stemming from the Racine rescue, the Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of the 1850 law and the supremacy of the federal courts.

Peaceful enforcement of the 1850 law was sometimes possible, especially along the Ohio River and the Mason‐Dixon line. Some removals required a show of federal force and the use of troops. Under the 1850 act, more than nine hundred fugitives were returned between 1850 and 1861. Southerners estimated, however, that as many as ten thousand slaves escaped during that period.

879 posted on 09/09/2007 7:29:55 PM PDT by rustbucket
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