[tacticalogic]

Right, but the only insight you can give into how ONE of them understood it is from a letter that Madison wrote almost a half a century later.

That's all I've given in one post on this thread. I can give you more, but none of it is in any substantial disagreement with what Madison wrote. As far as it only being one of them, it is, but it happens to be the one who wrote it. Who would you choose to be more authoritative as to what it's intent and meaning was?

Do you actually think that the Founding Fathers ever envisioned a day when interstate commerce was the norm in nearly 100% of goods sold in this country? Do you think that they envisioned a day when a person on a computer could buy something from overseas with the click of a mouse without the state government being able to even know about it?

I think the Founding Fathers knew it was unlikey they could forsee what would happen very far into the future, and that is why they made provisions for amending the Constitution.

[wagglebee]

Who would you choose to be more authoritative as to what it's intent and meaning was?

It's strange then that Madison never attempted to advance this argument before John Marshall.