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Last survivor re-lives the horrors of Passchendaele (World War I)
UK Daily Mail ^ | 7/28/07 | Nigel Blundell

Posted on 07/29/2007 9:24:05 AM PDT by wagglebee

You have to strain to hear Harry Patch. At 109 years old, the last surviving Tommy from the horrors of the trenches in the First World War is growing increasingly frail.

But his mind is every bit as sharp today as it was 90 years ago this week when, as a 19-year-old conscript, he was ordered over the top at the Third Battle of Ypres.

The battle, better known simply as Passchendaele, has become a byword for senseless slaughter.

passchendaele

Bitter memories: Harry Patch at Passchendaele today

More than half a million men were killed or injured during five months of fighting over a few miles of quagmire.

The British commander-in-chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, had launched his "Flanders Offensive" to relieve exhausted French troops in the south and stop the Germans deploying U-Boats from the Belgian ports.

But the objective soon shrank to the pointless task of taking the ruined Belgian village of Passchendaele.

With the help of The Mail on Sunday, Harry Patch returned for the first time to the spot where his unit waited with increasing anxiety, before being ordered to advance out of the comparative safety of the trenches, across a stream called the Steenbeek and into No Man's Land.

passchendaele

How Passchendaele looked in 1917. The massive Allied bombardment had turned the fields around Passchendaele into a quagmire that seriously hampered the Flanders Offensive

He came to pay a deeply personal farewell to his three closest comrades – killed by a German shell – and to bear witness to the horrors of trench warfare for one last time.

It was impossible not to be moved as Harry surveyed the landscape from his wheelchair, his eyes misting over at the painful memories of 1917.

Even though the land that was once part of the British front line is now the corner of a farmer's field with the rebuilt Langemarck church in the background, Harry recognised it immediately.

"Yes, this is where it happened," he said. "I can see it in my mind's eye. I remember the cacophony of noise, so loud you couldn't hear the man next to you speaking.

passchendaele

Battle-weary soldiers on the march

"Shells were whizzing over us towards the German lines just 750 yards away, and their machine-gun bullets were coming in the opposite direction. But what I remember most was the waiting, the anxiety, the fear.

"I have a memory of crossing that stream. It was flooded, with the trees on either side smashed to pieces. We crossed on pontoons because the bridge had been blown up.

"On the far side of the stream we stopped to await the order to advance. The bombardment to cover us took your breath away. The noise was ferocious. There was apprehension in everyone's eyes and horror in a few."

Endless torrential rain and an Allied barrage of more than four million shells that preceded the initial assault on July 31, 1917, turned the battlefield into a quagmire that would bog down the offensive.

Before Allied forces finally captured the town in November 1917, many soldiers were sucked under and drowned, and guns, tanks and horses also sank in the mud.

On the morning of August 16, Harry's battalion of the 7th Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry was given the task of launching an assault on the village of Langemarck.

"The ground we had to cover was just shell holes," Harry recalled.

"There were bodies, both our own and German, from the first wave. It was sickening to see your own dead and wounded, some crying for stretcher-bearers, others semi-conscious and others beyond all hope.

"There were men who had been ripped to pieces – it wasn't just a case of seeing them with a neat bullet-hole in their tunic. Lots of people were crying for help but you couldn't stop.

"It was hellish," he adds in his slight Somerset burr.

"Just one long nightmare from the thunder of the guns as the battle began to the sound of the wounded crying out. You could do nothing to help them. You just had to go forward through all that mud and blood. It was absolutely sickening.

"I remember one lad from our regiment in particular – the memory has haunted me all my life. He was in a pool of blood, ripped open from his shoulder to his waist by shrapnel.

When we got to him he said, 'Shoot me.' But before we could draw a revolver, he was dead.

"And the final word he uttered was 'Mother'. It wasn't a cry of despair, it was a cry of surprise and joy. I think – no, I'm sure – that his mother was in the next world to welcome him and he knew it.

"I've always remembered that cry and that death is not the end – at least I hope that's how it was with my three mates."

Harry, who had been an apprentice plumber in Bath before conscription, was sent to the front line around his 19th birthday in June 1917.

He said: "I didn't want to be there and I never pretended I did. I was conscripted in 1916, by which time the enthusiasm for the war had waned at home.

"I was nervous but I didn't want to reveal my feelings to the others.

"It doesn't matter how much training you've had, you can't prepare for the reality – the noise, the filth, the uncertainty, the casualties. The conditions were awful while we were waiting for the offensive.

"It rained and rained. Water flowed along the bottom of the trench. I'd stand on an ammunition box until it sank into the mud, then put another on top and stand on that.

"There was no sanitation and the place stank. You were filthy. From landing in France in June until coming out in September, I never had a bath nor clean clothes.

"I was put in a Lewis gun team with three others. We became very close – it sounds strange, but we had a pact that we wouldn't kill anyone, not if we could help it.

"We'd fire short, hit them in the legs or fire over their heads, but not kill unless it was them or us."

On the day they went over the top, Harry's team were instructed to provide covering fire for their comrades, who overran the enemy trenches and became involved in hand-to-hand fighting.

"We lay down for cover behind a dead German. I had just changed a magazine when one of them came out of the trench and came straight for us with fixed bayonet.

"He couldn't have had any ammunition, otherwise he would have shot us. I drew my revolver and shot him in the right shoulder.

"He dropped his rifle but still came stumbling on. He called out something to me in German – I don't suppose it was complimentary. I had three live rounds left in that revolver and could have killed him with the first.

"He was only 15 yards away and I couldn't miss, not with a Webley service revolver, not at that range.

"I thought, 'What shall I do?' I had four seconds to make up my mind, and I gave him his life.

"I shot him above the ankle and above the knee and brought him down. He would have been passed back to a PoW camp and rejoined his family after the war.

"I've often wondered whether he realised I gave him his life. Six weeks later, my three best mates were killed by a German bomb. If that had happened before I met that German, I would have damn well killed him."

The assault by Harry's men was over by mid-morning and the survivors waited all afternoon for a counter-attack that never came.

"We were sitting amid a sea of shell holes, up to our knees in gluey, sticky mud. The stench of rotting bodies was terrible. Right across the battlefield, the bodies of the dead and of the wounded would sink out of sight.'

Harry is one of only a handful of First World War veterans still alive. Bill Stone, 106, served in the Navy and was not involved in combat, while Henry Allingham, 111, was a mechanic in the Royal Naval Air Service.

William Young, a former radio operator in the Royal Flying Corps, died last week aged 107.

For his trip back to Flanders, Harry was accompanied by his friend, historian Richard van Emden, his co-author on The Last Fighting Tommy.

Richard scoured maps and photographs taken at the time to pinpoint Harry's battle position.

Staring out across the fields, Harry said: "This was all mud, mud and more mud, mixed together with blood.

"We fought for a few yards of soil and that cost the lives of so many, including my three best friends. There was no excuse for such slaughter for so little gain."

He returned to England six weeks after that first assault. The German shell that killed his three best friends had also left Harry with horrific shrapnel wounds that were later operated on without anaesthetic.

When he lies in bed at his care home in Wells, Somerset, a flash of light outside his room can put him straight back to the horrors of Passchendaele.

"Anyone who tells you they weren't scared is a damned liar. You were scared all the time," he said.

"We lived hour by hour. You saw the sun rise, hopefully you'd see it set. If you saw it set, you hoped you'd see it rise. Some men would, some wouldn't."

After the war Harry went back to plumbing in Somerset and outlived two wives and two sons.

He said: "I went 80 years and never mentioned the war, not even to my family. The memories were too vivid. I bottled it all up for so long. I never even watched a war film.

"But the war is something I can now talk about. In 2004 I went back to Flanders for a memorial service and met a German, Charles Kuentz, who had fought against us.

"We shook hands and agreed on so much about that awful war. A nice old chap, he was. Why he should have been my enemy, I don't know.

"He told me, 'I fought you because I was told to, and you did the same.' It's sad but true.

"What the hell we fought for, I now don't know."



TOPICS: Culture/Society; Extended News; News/Current Events; United Kingdom
KEYWORDS: flanders; harrypatch; milhist; passchendaele; veterans; worldwari; worldwarone; wwi
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To: wagglebee

It’s become common in many quarters to say WWI was pointless and about nothing, but that’s not really true. The Kaiser’s Germany was seriously expansionist and (just on the western front) occupied virtually all of Belgium and much of northern France to within 30 miles of Paris. They weren’t planning on giving up that dominant position which they had reached via invasion. One can certainly debate whether people outside of France and Belgium had as much at stake, but to allow Germany to so dominate the continent certainly was not a trivial matter, contrary to what revisionists have said. It would have changed the whole course of history for the worse, unless perhaps one was a German militarist.

Same issues apply in different details on much of the eastern front.

One can argue that surrender/submission was preferable to the vast casualties, but it’s not reasonable (as so many do say) to claim that there was nothing of value at stake for the Allies.

As to whether the war ever should have broken out or exanded beyond Austro-Hungary punishing Serbia, that had a great deal to do with the Kaiser letting Austria have essentially a blank check to act without restraint, and Britain failing badly to indicate any bright line (sich as invasion of Belgium) that would bring them into the war. In the face of uncertainty, Germany gambled that the Brits would stay out; the Kaiser almost certainly would have been more restrained if he had known that the Brits would go to war and would actually raise a major army to fight on the continent. So there were some terrible miscalculations of diplomacy and strateg on both sides, but once Germany invaded Belgium and France the Allies had a LOT at stake, it wasn’t about nothing.

I am reflecting my grandfather’s views. He fought in the US 4th infantry division in France an didn’t think it had been worthless to take a stand against Germany’s invasion. Of course, the Brits, French and Germans experienced horrors and slaughters that few if any Americans endured, coming into the war in the last year.


21 posted on 07/31/2007 3:50:01 AM PDT by Enchante (Reid and Pelosi Defeatocrats: Surrender Now - Peace for Our Time!!)
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To: Enchante

p.s. One of the most disillusioning aspects was, of course, the frequent blundering by generals ordering mass suicidal attacks in the face of machine guns and artillery. The generals were still thinking almost in Napoleonic terms and had not come to terms with the vast rates of fire and massive artillery barrages which made traditional tactics simply suicidal. Don’t know if anything could have gotten them out of the trench warfare in the west until the advent of tanks and more sensible infiltration tactics, which were a long time in coming (though fairly quick in the context of military history).


22 posted on 07/31/2007 3:59:43 AM PDT by Enchante (Reid and Pelosi Defeatocrats: Surrender Now - Peace for Our Time!!)
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To: Enchante

Yes, war sucks and the violence and brutal cruelty is a real horror. However, to avoid it at all costs can mean slavery to those who don’t mind employing violence and brutal cruelty to others in order to get what they want. There are even those who enjoy the violence and brutal cruelty as a means unto itself.

We can call this Evil, which does exist in this world. To not oppose it perpetuates and strengthens it.

This is the sad reality of the world.

I remember in my youth some hippies that had a sign that read, “What if ‘they’ gave a war and nobody came?”

I laughed. I wanted a sign that said, “Then we’d be ‘their’ slaves and would have to do whatever ‘they’ wanted!”


23 posted on 07/31/2007 4:26:20 AM PDT by Alas Babylon!
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To: wagglebee; 2 Kool 2 Be 4-Gotten; 6323cd; 75thOVI; Adrastus; A message; AnAmericanMother; ACelt; ...
To all: please ping me to threads that are relevant to the MilHist list (and/or) please add the keyword "MilHist" to the appropriate thread. Thanks in advance.

Please FREEPMAIL indcons if you want on or off the "Military History (MilHist)" ping list.

24 posted on 07/31/2007 8:50:56 PM PDT by indcons
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To: wagglebee; indcons

Until a few years ago, there were two WWI vets at the local veterans’ home, one of whom still liked to dance with younger ladies (hard to find older ladies anyway). At that time the French were going around decorating all surviving foreign soldiers who’d fought in France in that war, and there was a ceremony here where ours got ‘em.

What remains mind-boggling to me is that the last of the Civil War veterans died tbe year after I was born.


25 posted on 07/31/2007 9:02:47 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (Profile updated Tuesday, July 31, 2007. https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/)
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To: RightWhale; wagglebee

Yes, the pictures are TOO good. Appears that someone found at least one faked one on the other thread.


26 posted on 07/31/2007 9:12:20 PM PDT by PAR35
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To: wagglebee
I stumbled on this post just now.

Simply amazing. Thanks.

God bless that old man.

27 posted on 09/07/2007 6:48:43 PM PDT by SkyPilot
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