The benefits of overwhelming the defenses with cheap missiles so far outweighs the costs that someone, somewhere, someday will find it in their interests to try.
Tom Clancy portrayed that scenario in his second book, “Red Storm Rising.” A carrier in that book was overwhelmed, if I recall correctly, by lots and lots of long range missiles fired from Soviet long range bombers.
On the other hand, that was just a book.
Most of those cheap missiles will be jammed and drop like flies before they reach a close range. The ones that survive electronic countermeasures get hit with another missile, or a wall of tungsten hail. Oh yeah, the carriers can easily out run the destroyers and leave them behind if they need to. If they have to they can run 40+ knots all day.