[blam]

Ice Age Refuges

The Last Glacial Maximum(LGM), 23-18,000 years ago, one of the coldest periods during the whole Ice Age, chased everyone south. BTW, the people who would become the Vikings (R1a) were over in the red zone.

[shuckmaster]

It’s interesting that your map puts the ancestors of the Vikings on the shore of the Black Sea below the glacier/tree line. J. P. Mallory’s “In Search of the Indo-Europeans” suggests that same region was the root origin of all the Indo-European languages.