Not many scientists have much grounding in the philsophical foundations of modern science. The average biology professor has as much knowledge of such things as the average civil engineer has of theoretical physics.
Yes. As Pope Benedict has recently pointed out, a lot of westerners are ignorant of the basic foundations of knowledge, and it tends to make them cocky about things they are completely ignorant of.
I would guess that the great majority of biologists are ignorant of Darwin in more than a superficial sense, because their fields of research lie elsewhere. And certainly that is likely to be true of astronomers. They assume a basically Darwinian world view but have never really done any genuine thinking about it.