Here are some of the realities that face us that are asked in these points:
1. Flag Officers. Many don't know that the pay of military members is tied to the pay of congressmen. No member of the military can make as much as a congressman. Therefore, they have to make less graduated down through some 24 ranks to private. Because of this, you have top-rate executives controlling billions in assets and managing world events who could be making six figures in the private world making a little bit more than a Wal-Mart store manager makes. I had a deputy group commander depart for the civilian world (a LTC) and he immediately began making 150 grand....more than a congressman at the time.
How does the military compensate? They can't give raises so they give promotions. They rely on extremely patriot but extremely qualified leaders to balance the low pay of a general with the extreme need of a nation.
2. Our company grade officers typically are the proud graduates of some university and probably some graduate school. Many have math, science type degrees and have extremely high technical skills. My son will graduate soon with an extremely high GPA in a special technology field....the salaries for newbies ranges from 60-80 to start. The army offers a new 2d Lieutenant about 35. Hmmmm...
3. Tooth to tail. Many also don't realize that the Army is the both the nations logistical and engineering firm. (Until there's a hurricane, that is.) Ever hear of flood control by the "Army Corps of Engineers?"
In any case, the Marines are specifically designed to be logistics light because typically, they are to be used no more than 50 miles from the coast. When they go more, what logistics arm to they rely upon....you guessed it...the US Army. Whose bulldozers make Air Force runways? Whose schools train Marine tankers?
And what does it truly take to move 5000 warriors across 2000 miles of terrain. (Ask Hitler about Stalingrad...it ain't easy.)
If one tank has a 500 gallon fuel capcity and gets gallons per mile instead of miles per gallon, then how many miles away from your tanks do you want your refuelers?
Then add in medical, beans, bullets, personal, mail, police, aviation, etc.
The whole point of any Army is that it must move huge distances with massive support to both conquer and occupy.
I think the current tooth to tail is about as suggested: 1 to 14 depending on whom you classify as warriors and who you classify as support.
Mostly Air Force Red Horse units. Unless you mean in the US, then it's contractors, but they are under contract to the Army Corps of Engineers.