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In which case there is no "beginning of life" even in higher level beings. The sperm and the egg, is life the same way the single cell beings are life at the stage of meosis.

This is nonsense and a testament to the poor state of the academy in todays America. Genetics tells us quite clearly that new human life, a diploid organism, is extant after fertilization completes.

The twinning argument is supercilious nonsense that goes like this. Because the zygote may split into two distinct human organisms it is OK to kill that human life. IOW's two for the price of one justifies killing human life.

The science of genetics is clear, the problem is that college level developmental biology books are rife with ideology stepping all over the science. Your tome is a prime example of that.

In which case there is no "beginning of life" even in higher level beings. The sperm and the egg, is life the same way the single cell beings are life at the stage of meiosis. This is nonsense and a testament to the poor state of the academy in todays America. Genetics tells us quite clearly that new human life, a diploid organism, is extant after fertilization completes. The twinning argument is supercilious nonsense that goes like this. Because the zygote may split into two distinct human organisms it is OK to kill that human life. IOW's two for the price of one justifies killing human life.

I didn't say that anything justifies killing anybody. I simply stated something which should be obvious, but it isn't: conception is not an absolute final state of one individual human being. The science of genetics is clear, the problem is that college level developmental biology books are rife with ideology stepping all over the science. Your tome is a prime example of that. I think a medical diploma and 27 years of practice of obstetrics and gynecology matches any education you may have received. Unless of course you are also a physician and ob-gyn.

Gabor