"When (at least since the Enlightenment) has religion seriously threatened or impeded science?"
What? you don't want to deal with the Dark Ages? Any Islamic State does this and the stated goals of Creationists/IDers to eviscerate science because it's too inconvenient for their interpretation of the bible will lead to same.
A Theocracy of any type will kill science and rational thought and set back mankind a thousand years.
But since the devil's bride, Reason, that pretty whore, comes in and thinks she's wise, and what she says, what she thinks, is from the Holy Spirit, who can help us, then? Not judges, not doctors, no king or emperor, because [reason] is the Devil's greatest whore.Source: Martin Luther.