[tortoise]

Does the brain even "compute" deterministically, like an Intel CPU? Or does it converge using myriad neuronal feedback loops on a match between an apparent "goal" and its apparent satisfactory conclusion?

None of these hypothesized processes are less deterministic than the other. "non-determinism" is really not being conceptualized correctly. You might be interested in the very broad range of exotic computational models known in literature, many of which look nothing like any model of computation you are familiar with. Non-axiomatic computational models, for example, are what many people here would (mis-)label as "non-deterministic" because it can express nothing with perfect certainty.

In fact, I would make the observation that just about everyone that uses the term "non-deterministic" with respect to computers really means "non-axiomatic".

[JamesP81]

In fact, I would make the observation that just about everyone that uses the term "non-deterministic" with respect to computers really means "non-axiomatic".

Point taken. I remember my AI professor talking about some new research that cast doubt on the Axiom of Choice, the implications of which were huge.