It comes down to the Out of Africa crowd vs. the multiregional hypothesis bunch. The former believe that about 150,000 or so years ago Homo sapiens emerged from Africa and spread out over the old world replacing local populations of more ancient types, whereas the latter believe that emerging modern humans interbred with local populations eventually giving rise to races.
Data that will not go away that the OOA people cannot explain are the anatomical similarities shared by Peking Man and modern east Asians, in the teeth, for example.