If you're talking about the discussion of environmental influences on the knobbiness of bones, etc., that's not really Lamarckism. The author is not arguing that such differences, if acquired by repetitive stresses, are passed to offspring, nor is he citing people who do. But I don't think the idea has much merit. The discussion of of the emergence of specific Neanderthal differences in very young specimens undercuts it.
Yes, I read over those sections again and you're right that Lamarckism isn't the best description for what I was getting at (which is what you inferred). And I also concur that the line of reasoning has little merit, not only due to the emergence of Neanderthal features in very young specimens, but also due to the failure of non-Neanderthal populations in the exact same environments to develop equivalent features.
It is worth noting, BTW, that I personally question whether the "Neanderthal" population in the Levant was of a genetic continuum with the "Neanderthal" population in Europe. But, regardless, my personal doubt in that regard is not the prevailing view at this time.