"How many millions of years did that whale have to adapt when he found himself in the Thames? He didn't adapt at all, and so evolved himself right into the grave.
Populations evolve, not individuals. Populations also go extinct. If the change is too great too quickly, populations die. If the change only kills off a portion of the population, any existing characteristics active at the time including those important to the survival of the few will be passed on to succeeding generations.
BTW you'll find more strawmen on creationist sites and the 'Wizard of Oz' than anywhere else on Earth.
I picked Koalas and pandas because in my mind at least- they're not terribly sturdy. They eat one thing, and so if their supply runs out- so does the entire population in that area. But you know that.