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There does not have to be a federal criminal statute as the Constitution is the law. There are, of course, federal statutes against murder on federal land or against federal employees and elected officials. Original jurisdiction for most murder would be in the states. Most states constitutions mirror the guaranteed rights in the U.S. Constitution. However, if a person believes his Constitutional(federal)rights are being infringed under the laws of a particular state, he can appeal to the federal courts to protect his rights under the U.S. Constitution. This would clearly apply to the right to life as well as the rights to liberty and property.
The quotation I used was an accurate recitation of the enumerated right to life.