[Fedora]

⁵¹”HQ of Iraqi Politician Ahmad Chalabi Raided”, FOXNews.com, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,120434,00.html, May 20, 2004; ”’Rock Solid’ Evidence Chalabi Spied for Iran”, FOXNews.com, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,120535,00.html, May 21, 2004, posted earlier with title “CIA: Chalabi Possibly Spied for Iran” at FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1139473/posts, May 20, 2004, 6:03:15 PM PDT; Julian Borger, “Under-fire CIA chief resigns”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1231340,00.html, June 4, 2004; “Chalabi accuses Tenet of spurring intelligence probe: FBI investigating source of damaging leak to Iran”, MSNBC.com, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5115567/, June 3, 2004.

⁵²Phyllis Bennis, “Understanding the U.S.-Iraq Crisis”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/iraq/primer1.htm, January 2003; Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., “Iraq Is a Fuse, But Cheney Built the Bomb”, Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 29, Number 38, October 4, 2002, http://www.larouchepub.com/pr_lar/2002/020922_cheney_must_resign.html; Jeffrey Steinberg, “Behind the Iraq Dossier Hoax: Intelligence Was Cooked in Israel”, Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 7, February 21, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3007neocon_hoax.html; Edward Spannaus, "Cheney's 'Shadow Government' Comes Into the Sunlight", Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 29, July 25, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3029cheney_exposed.html; “Documentation: From a Memorandum to the President by Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity”, Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 29, July 25, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3029vips_on_cheney.html; Ray McGovern and David MacMichael, “Cooking the Books: Falsifying the Evidence: How Bush is Mobilizing for War”, interview with Panorama German TV, March 6, 2003, transcript online at Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, “Memorandum for Confused Americans: Cooking Intelligence for War”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips03152003.html, March 15, 2003; Tim Reid, “Public was misled, claim ex-CIA men”, Times Online, May 31, 2003, online at Propaganda Matrix, http://www.propagandamatrix.com/public_was_misled_claim_ex_cia_men.htm; Seymour Hersh, “The Stovepipe: How conflicts between the Bush Administration and the intelligence community marred the reporting on Iraq’s weapons.”, The New Yorker, October 27, 2003, posted online at http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?031027fa_fact, October 20, 2003; Michael Rubin, “Web of Conspiracies: False rumors go from fringe staff go mainstream-again and again.”, National Review Online, http://www.nationalreview.com/rubin/rubin200405180836.asp, May 18, 2004.

⁵³”Ray McGovern bio”, Tom Wells: The Speak Truth to Power Program, http://faculty.schreiner.edu/tomwells/ray_mcgovern_bio.htm; Francisco Gil-White, “The modern "Protocols of Zion": How the mass media now promotes the same lies that caused the death of more than 5 million Jews in WWII”, Historical and Investigative Research, http://www.hirhome.com/israel/mprot1.htm, August 25, 2005; Steven Plaut, “CIA Renegades”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=19643, September 29, 2005; Dana Milbank, “Democrats Play House to Rally Against War”, The Washington Post, June 17, 2005, Page A06, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061601570.html; “Dean Condemns ‘Anti-Semitic Literature’: Dean Slams 'Anti-Semitic Literature' Distributed at Democratic National Committee Headquarters”, Associated Press, June 17, 2005, archived at “Dean Condemns 'Anti-Semitic Literature' (passed out at Conyers Downing St. forum yesterday)”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1425383/posts. On the Community for Creative Non-Violence and Bread for the City see Community for Creative Non-Violence, http://users.erols.com/ccnv/; Bread for the City, http://www.breadforthecity.org/; Dorothy Day, “On Pilgrimmage – July/August 1972”, The Catholic Worker, July-August 1972, 1, 2, 6, 8, online at The Catholic Worker Movement, http://www.catholicworker.org/dorothyday/daytext.cfm?TextID=523&SearchTerm=internal%20Revenue%20Service. On the Servant Leadership School see The Servant Leadership School, http://www.slschool.org/. On McGovern’s disruption of Holy Trinity services see Jim Naughton, Catholics in Crisis: An American Parish Fights for Its Soul, Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1996, review online at Terrence J. Boyle, http://www.tboyle.net/University/Crisis_Book_Review.html.

⁵⁴United States Congress Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and Nicaraguan OppositionReport of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair: With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987, Appendix A, Volume 1, 862-863; Peter Dale Scott and Jonathan Marshall, Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991, 148, 246n3; Ross Gelbspan, Break-ins, Death Threats and the FBI: The Covert War Against the Central America Movement, Boston: South End Press, 1991, 193, 247n26; “Ex-CIA Worker Says Arms Flow Ended ‘81”, Boston Globe, June 12, 1984, Page 1; “Priest Tells Contra Atrocity Incidents”, Chicago Tribune, September 18, 1985; Jeane Kirkpatrick, “Americans on Managua’s Team”, Chicago Tribune, September 29,1985, Final Edition, C, Page 13; “World Court: U.S. Aid to Contras Illegal”, Chicago Tribune, June 28, 1986, Page 1; Chip Berlet, “Right Woos Left: Populist Party, LaRouchian, and Other Neo-fascist Overtures To Progressives, And Why They Must Be Rejected”, Perforations 2, Volume 2, Number 2, online at Public Domain Inc., http://www.pd.org/topos/perforations/perf2/right_woos_left.html;”Association of National Security Alumni”, Namebase, http://www.namebase.org/sources/QN.html; Deborah Davis, “Ex-KGB agents, U.S. group call for integrity in spying”, WE MBL (English edition), Washington, DC, Volume II, Issue 3, February 21,1993, 4 (cf. Glenmore Trenear-Harvey, “Foreign Intelligence Veterans Association”, intelforum/2002-April Mailing List Archive, http://archives.his.com/intelforum/2002-April/msg00039.html); David MacMichael, “The Mysterious Death of Daniel Casolaro”, Covert Action Information Bulletin 39, Winter 1991, 53-57, online at Google cache of American Buddha Online Library and Cultural Bazaar http://www.american-buddha.com/mystery.death.htm; “News Release: Pre-9/11 Warnings: Interviews Available”, Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=658&type=&searchterms=MacMichael, May 20, 2002; “News Release: Some Analysis of Powell’s Speech”, Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=557, February 6, 2003.

⁵⁵Kathleen Christison, Perceptions of Palestine: Their Influence on U.S. Middle East Policy, Berkeley: University of California Press, updated edition, 2001; Kathleen Christison, The Wound of Dispossession: Telling the Palestinian Story, Sunlit Hills Press, 2002; Bill Christison “Why the “War on Terror” Won’t Work”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/christison1.html, March 4, 2002; Kathleen Christison “Before There Was Terrorism”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/kchristison0502.html, May 2, 2002; Plaut, “CIA Renegades”.

⁵⁶Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, “Memorandum for Confused Americans: Cooking Intelligence for War”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips03152003.html, March 15, 2003; Ray McGovern, “Colin Powell's Blurry Pictures: Former CIA Analyst Asks: Are Intelligence Analysts Still Free to Tell It Like It is?"”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/mcgovern02262003.html, February 26, 2003; Ray McGovern, “Imagery Intelligence of U.S. Blurred”, EIR: Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 8, February 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/eirtoc/2003/eirtoc_3009.html. On Cockburn’s anti-Zionism see Steven Plaut, “The Lunatic Left: Ward Churchill and Counterpunch.com”, ChronWatch, http://chronwatch.com/content/contentDisplay.asp?aid=12987, February 11, 2005 and Plaut, “The Neonazi Ties of the Leftist Lunabrits”, ChronWatch, http://www.chronwatch.com/content/contentDisplay.asp?aid=14355, May 3, 2005.

⁵⁷John J. Lumpkin, “Ex-CIA Officers Defy Bush Administration”, Associated Press, March 14, 2003, online at voxfux.com, http://www.voxfux.com/features/cia_agents_defy_bush.html; Seymour Hersh, “Who Lied to Whom? Why did the Administration endorse a forgery about Iraq’s nuclear program?”, The New Yorker, March 31, 2003, online at http://newyorker.com/fact/content/?030331fa_fact1 and Hersh, “The Stovepipe”; “US Should Be "Embarrassed" Over Failure to Find WMDs: Ex-Spies”, Agence France Presse, April 18, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0418-03.htm; Nicholas Kristof, “Save Our Spooks”, CNN.com, http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/05/30/nyt.kristof/, May 30, 2003; Jim Wolf, “U.S. Insiders Say Iraq Intel Deliberately Skewed”, Reuters, May 31, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0531-01.htm. On Hersh and IPS, see Powell, Covert Cadre, 113-115.

⁵⁸ On Scowcroft, Kissinger Associates, Saudi Aramco, Bechtel Corporation, the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, and the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation see Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped, New York: Bantam Books, 1976 (New York: Viking Press, 1975), 293; Senator John Kerry and Senator Hank Brown, The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 102d Congress 2d Session Senate Print 102-140, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1992, Chapters 4 and 20, online at Federation of American Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/; Congressman Henry B. Gonzalez, “Kissinger Associates, BNL, and Iraq”, Congressional Record, May 2, 1991, Pages H2762-H2765 and “Kissinger Associates, Scowcroft, Eagleburger, Stoga, Iraq, and BNL”, Congressional Record, April 28, 1992, Pages H2694-H2702 and “Scowcroft Improperly Intervened in CCC Program and Many More Lies to Congress”, Congressional Record, July 9, 1992, Pages H6237-H6242, online with numerous related links at Federation of American Scientists, http://fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1991/ and http://fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1992/; “(Self-)Censored Stories: Eight Stories National Media Ignored”, Extra! Special Gulf War Issue 1991, May 1991, online at FAIR: Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1513; Murray N. Rothbard, “Why the War? The Kuwait Connection”, from The Irrepressible Rothbard: The Rothbard-Rockwell Report, edited with introduction by Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. and preface by JoAnn B. Rothbard, Burlingame, California: Center for Libertarian Studies, 2000, Chapter 27, reprinted online at LewRockwell.com, http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch27.html. On Royal Dutch/Shell and Oil-for-Food see Kenneth Katzman and Christopher M. Blanchard, CRS Report to Congress: Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, Illict Trade, and Investigations, Washington, DC: Library of Congress, June 14, 2005, 25 (pdf page 29), online at Federation of American Scientists, www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL30472.pdf; Independent Inquiry Committee into The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, The Management of The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, September 7, 2005, Volume II, 222 (pdf page 226), online at http://iic-offp.org/Mgmt_Report.htm; “AP: Investigators Examining Annan’s Papers”, FOXNews.com, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,146506,00.html, February 5, 2005. On Scowcroft, Pennzoil-Quaker State, and Azerbaijan, see “Brent Scowcroft”, U.S. Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce: Profile: Officers, http://www.usacc.org/contents.php?cid=26; Alfred Mendes, “The Crux of the Matter”, Spectrezine, http://www.spectrezine.org/war/Mendes5.htm; David Corn, “A Bush Summer Rerun?”, The Nation, August 6, 2001, online at http://www.thenation.com/docprem.mhtml?i=20010806&s=corn. On Scowcroft, the CFR U.S./Middle East Project, Henry Siegman, and Fouad Makhzoumi see “U.S./Middle East Project Roundtable”, Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/project/267/usmiddle_east_project_roundtable.html?jsessionid=96b8b6de022452e9b922a4486ff1e5d5; “Henry Siegman”, Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/bios/bio.html?id=122; Peter Sutherland, Chair and Henry Siegman, Project Director, “Harnessing Trade for Development and Growth in the Middle East: Report by the Council on Foreign Relations Study Group on Middle East Trade Options”, Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Harness_Trade_paper.pdf, Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., 2002; Michel Rocard, Chair, Henry Siegman, Director, and Yezid Sayigh and Khalil Shikaki, Principal Authors, “Reforming the Palestinian Authority: An Update: Report by the Independent Task Force on Strengthening Palestinian Public Institutions”, The Coalition for Accountability and Integrity - Aman, http://www.aman-palestine.org/documents/Reform%20Update%20-%20final%20version%20pdf.pdf, Independent Task Force on Strengthening Palestinian Institutions, April 2004; “Mystery Solved”, The New York Sun, http://www.nysun.com/article/19031, August 23, 2005, accessible in full at Campus Watch, http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/2158; Ed Lasky and Richard Baer, “Unmasked”, The American Thinker, http://americanthinker.com/comments.php?comments_id=2920, August 23, 2005; “Mystery About Henry Siegman Solved in New York Sun”, CAMERA: Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America, http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=35&x_article=963, August 24, 2005.

⁵⁹"Future Millennium Foundation, Inc.", United States Department of Justice Criminal Division: Foreign Agents Registration Unit (FARA), http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fara/fara1st98/REGS/05202.HTM, "Future Millennium Foundation, Inc.", United States Department of Justice Criminal Division: Foreign Agents Registration Unit (FARA), http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fara/Fara2nd01/REGS/05202.HTM, "Future Millennium Foundation, Inc.", United States Department of Justice Criminal Division: Foreign Agents Registration Unit (FARA), http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fara/Fara2nd02/REGS/05202.HTM, and related pages from the FARA website and corresponding Google caches; Rubin, “Web of Conspiracies”; Ray McGovern, “Not Enough Troops - Or Truth”, Miami Herald, October 8, 2004, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1008-25.htm; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 315-316 (cf. 432-433).

⁶⁰Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 283, 290-291, 294.

⁶¹Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 217, 291-292.

⁶²Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 291-298; 305-323, 360; “Press Release: Organized Antiwar Effort Grows--National Campaign Intensifies”, Win Without War, http://www.winwithoutwarus.org/html/press_1.31.2003.html, January 31, 2003.

⁶³Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 318.

⁶⁴Wilson, “Republic or Empire?”, The Nation, March 3, 2003, posted online February 13, 2003 at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030303/wilson.

⁶⁵Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, IV, ”The Iraq Forum: Informing Iraq Advocates Since 1998: The 2003 Iraq Forum: June 14, 2003, Washington, DC: Evening Public Lecture: A State of the Movement Address: Evening Keynote Lecture”, audio online at EPIC: Education for Peace in Iraq Center, http://www.epic-usa.org/Default.aspx?tabid=68&showlogin=1, outline and partial transcript at “Joseph Wilson EPIC Lecture 6/14/2003 Outline/Transcript”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1499704/posts. Cf Wilson, “Republic or Empire?” and Wilson’s comments to Bill Moyers of February 28, 2003, transcript online at “Transcript: Bill Moyers Talks with Joseph C. Wilson, IV”, PBS: NOW with Bill Moyers, http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript_wilson.html. Contrast the openly inflammatory language of Wilson’s EPIC lecture with his more subtle wording of the same point while attempting to avoid an appearance of anti-Semitism in The Politics of Truth, 438: “Criticism of Israel is all too often expressed in anti-Semitic terms. While not all criticism of Israel is anti-Semitic, many critics resort to ugly and despicable anti-Semitic behavior. . .I fear that because of the association in the Arab world between America’s misguided invasion and occupation of Iraq, and the policies of the Likud government in Israel, we may see an upsurge of hate crimes against Israel and against Jewish populations everywhere.”

⁶⁶””FBI: Financial Gain Drove Uranium Forgery”, Yahoo! News, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20051104/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/fbi_iraq_uranium, November 4, 2005.

⁶⁷Carlo Bonini and Giuseppe D’Avanzo, ”Doppiogiochisti e dilettanti tutti gli italiani del Nigergate: L'ammissione di Martino alla stampa inglese: "Americani e italiani hanno lavorato insieme. E' stata un'operazione di disinformazione"”, La Repubblica, October 24, 2005, online at la Repubblica.it, http://www.repubblica.it/2005/j/sezioni/esteri/iraq69/sismicia/sismicia.html and Carlo Bonini and Giuseppe D’Avanzo, ”"Pollari ando alla Casa Bianca per offrire la sua verita sull'Iraq": Il dossier sull'uranio dal Niger non coinvolgeva la Cia”, La Repubblica, October 25, 2005, online at la Repubblica.it, http://www.repubblica.it/2005/j/sezioni/esteri/iraq69/bodv/bodv.html, translation at “Berlusconi Behind Fake Yellowcake Dossier”, Nur al-Cubicle, http://nuralcubicle.blogspot.com/2005/10/berlusconi-behind-fake-yellowcake.html, October 24, 2005 and “Yellowcake Dossier Not the Work of the CIA”, Nur al-Cubicle, http://nuralcubicle.blogspot.com/2005/10/yellowcake-dossier-not-work-of-cia.html, October 25, 2005.

⁶⁸Bruce Johnston and Kim Willsher, “Italy blames France for Niger uranium claim”, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/09/05/wuran05.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/09/05/ixworld.html, May 9, 2004; Renato Farina, “Cosi Chirac voleva incastrare Berlusconi: Ecco le prove di un intrigo di spie francesi per screditare Italia e Usa sull'Iraq.”, legno storto, http://legnostorto.com/node.php?id=18676&cid=49183, August 9, 2004, English translation posted by parnasokan at “Italy blames France for Niger uranium claim”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1208597/posts, September 6, 2004; Farina, “Il Niger-gate? Mini golpe dei generali prodiani”, legno storto, http://www.legnostorto.com/node.php?id=36773, November 1, 2005.

⁶⁹Bonini and D’Avanzo, “Doppiogiochisti e dilettanti tutti gli italiani del Nigergate”; Juan Cole, "Rocco Martino: ’I am the Source of the False Niger/Iraq Uranium Story’", Bellaciao, http://bellaciao.org/en/article.php3?id_article=2364, August 3, 2004; “Italian journalist claims she supplied Iraq-Niger uranium documents to US”, ClariNews, http://quickstart.clari.net/qs_se/webnews/wed/bi/Qus-iraq-niger-italy.Rt17_DlJ.html, July 19, 2003; United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 36-38, 57-60, 69 (pdf pages 1-3, 22-25, 34), online at GPO Access, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/creports/iraq.html.

⁷⁰Bonini and D’Avanzo, “Doppiogiochisti e dilettanti tutti gli italiani del Nigergate” and ”"Pollari ando alla Casa Bianca per offrire la sua verita sull'Iraq" (cf. Cannistraro’s comments on SISMI to Ian Masters on Los Angeles’ public radio KPFK on April 3, 2005, audio at Ian Masters' Background Briefing: Archives, http://www.ianmasters.org/archives.html and partial transcription at Ian Masters, “Who Forged the Niger Documents?”, AlterNet, http://www.alternet.org/waroniraq/21704/, April 7, 2005); Richard Norton-Taylor, “MI6 led protest against war dossier: Agencies kept quiet on claims over al-Qaida links and forgeries to avoid embarrassing PM”, The Guardian, May 30, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/guardianpolitics/story/0,3605,966686,00.html; Patrick Wintour and Mark Oliver, “We’re victims of conspiracy claims Reid”, The Guardian, June 4, 2003, online at http://politics.guardian.co.uk/iraq/story/0,12956,970063,00.html; “Transcript: John Reid v John Humphrys: Transcript of this morning's interview on BBC Radio 4's Today programme between the leader of the Commons, John Reid, and John Humphrys”, June 4, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,970170,00.html; Matthew Tempest, “No 10 backs Reid on 'rogue elements'”, The Guardian, June 4, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,970158,00.html (contrast with buried lead and misleading spin of George Jones and Toby Helm, “No 10 fails to endorse Reid claim”, telegraph.co.uk, June 5, 2003, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/06/05/nwmd205.xml); Andrew Wilkie, “War now no better ‘than terrorism’”, The Age, http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/15/1047583739714.html?oneclick=true, March 16, 2003; Paul Mulvey, “Journo claims proof of WMD lies”, NEWS.com.au, September 23, 2003, http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,7350504^2,00.html , archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20030923212227/http://news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,7350504%5e2,00.html.

⁷¹Julian Borger, “Saddam link to Bin Laden: Terror chief 'offered asylum' in Iraq? US says dealings step up danger of chemical weapons attacks”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,314700,00.html, February 6, 1999; Julian Borger, “Iraq-Bin Laden boat bomb link: USS Cole: 17 dead mourned as experts piece together attack”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4078596,00.html, October 19, 2000; Al-Qaida's desire for ever more deaths raises spectre of germ, chemical or nuclear attacks”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/september11/oneyearon/story/0,12361,786137,00.html, September 5, 2002;” Carlo Bonini, “Allarme della Cia Papa e Roma nel mirino: "Bin Laden e il mullah Omar non si lasceranno prendere vivi prima di averci trascinato in un altro bagno di sangue": Parla Vincent Cannistraro, ex capo dell'antiterrorismo "Colpiranno entro Natale, vogliono il bis delle Torri"”, La Repubblica, November 18, 2001, online at http://www.repubblica.it/online/mondo/allarmeitalia/papa/papa.html, English translation at Original Analysis, http://www.intelforum.org/zvince1.html; Dana Priest, “U.S. Not Claiming Iraqi Link To Terror”, The Washington Post, September 10, 2002, Page A01, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59403-2002Sep9.html, archived at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/no-iraq-alqaeda-link.txt; Julian Borger, “White House 'exaggerating Iraqi threat': Bush's televised address attacked by US intelligence”, The Guardian, October 9, 2002, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,807286,00.html; Bradley Graham and Dana Priest, “Pentagon Team Told to Seek Details of Iraq-Al Qaeda Ties: Effort Bypasses Regular Intelligence Channels; CIA Rift Disputed”, The Washington Post, October 25, 2002, Page A24, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14056-2002Oct24.html; Ray McGovern and David MacMichael, “Cooking the Books: Falsifying the Evidence: How Bush is Mobilizing for War”, interview with Panorama German TV, March 6, 2003, transcript online at Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, “Memorandum for Confused Americans: Cooking Intelligence for War”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips03152003.html, March 15, 2003; “Falscher am Werk”, ZDF.de: Frontal21, April 15, 2003, online at http://www.zdf.de/ZDFde/inhalt/3/0,1872,2041923,00.html; “Falschungen fur die Front: Baradei: Irak-Krieg nicht gerechtfertigt”, ZDF.de: Frontal21, May 6, 2003, online at http://www.zdf.de/ZDFde/inhalt/10/0,1872,2044298,00.html (cf. “Concern Over Iraq Nuke Looting”, CBS News, May 5, 2003, online at http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/05/05/iraq/main552369.shtml); Brian Ross, “Intelligence Scam: Flawed Uranium Intelligence Came From Forged Documents Sold to Italians”, ABCNews.com, July 15, 2003, http://abcnews.go.com/sections/wnt/US/uranium030715_docs.html, cached at http://web.archive.org/web/20030801154848/http://abcnews.go.com/sections/wnt/US/uranium030715_docs.html; Brian Ross, “Forged Iraq Documents Were Full of Flaws: Forged Documents Detailing Uranium Sale Were Full of Errors”, July 16, 2003, ABCNews.com, http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=129574&page=1; Brian Ross and Chris Vlasto, “Possible Deal Aborted? Claim: U.S. Government Spurned Peace Talks Before the War With Iraq”, ABC News, November 5, 2003, archived at Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article5164.htm; Julian Borger, Brian Whitaker, and Vikram Dodd, “Saddam's desperate offers to stave off war: Washington dismissed Iraq's peace feelers, including elections and weapons pledge, put forward via diplomatic channels and US hawk Perle”, The Guardian, November 7, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1079769,00.html; “AIM Report: Saddam's Secret Campaign to Stop the War - December B”, Accuracy in Media, http://www.aim.org/aim_report/2413_0_4_0_C/, December 23, 2004 (cf. “Western Peace Activists Invite Mandela to Iraq”, Reuters, February 13, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0213-07.htm).

⁷²Jimmy Carter, “The Troubling New Face of America”, The Washington Post, September 5, 2002, Page A31, washingtonpost.com, http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A38441-2002Sep4&notFound=true.

⁷³FBI files on Billy Carter, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/carter_b.htm.

⁷⁴Senator John Kerry and Senator Hank Brown, The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 102d Congress 2d Session Senate Print 102-140, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1992, esp. Chapters 6, 12, 13, 16, online at Federation of American Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/.

⁷⁵”The Beneficiaries of Saddam's Oil Vouchers: The List of 270”, MEMRI: The Middle East Media Research Institute, Number 160, January 29, 2004, online at http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=ia&ID=IA16004; Stephen F. Hayes, “Saddam’s man in Washington: The first conviction in the U.N. Oil-for-Food Scandal”, Volume 10, Issue 19, January 31, 2005, online at The Weekly Standard, http://weeklystandard.com/Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=5167&R=C3CF345B5; Independent Inquiry Committee into The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, The Management of The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, September 7, 2005, Volume I, 15-16 (pdf pages 20-21) and Volume II, 40-41, 72-116 (pdf pages 44-45, 76-120), online at http://iic-offp.org/Mgmt_Report.htm.

⁷⁶House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Korean Influence Investigation, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978; Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Korean Influence Inquiry, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.

⁷⁷On Strong and North Korea see “Our Man in North Korea”, Canada Free Press, January 20, 2003, http://www.canadafreepress.com/2003/ed012003.htm. On Carter and North Korea see Dan Oberdorfer, “The peacemaker - role Jimmy Carter played in 1994 North Korea crisis”, The Washington Monthly, December 1997, online at FindArticles, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n12_v29/ai_20089207; Jimmy Carter, “Erosion of the Nonproliferation Treat”, International Herald Tribune, http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/05/01/opinion/edjimmy.php, May 3, 2005.

⁷⁸On the Mission to Baghdad, see James Abourezk, “My visit to Iraq”, The Progressive: The Progressive Media Project, http://progressive.org/media_1457, September 23, 2002; “Independent American Delegation to Baghdad”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=614, September 10, 2002; “A Message to the Iraqi National Assembly from the Honorable Nick Rahall”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=612, September 15, 2002; Saul Landau, “Five Days in Iraq--Before the War”, Radio Progreso Weekly, October 2002, online at Transnational Institute, http://www.tni.org/archives/landau/five.htm; Landau, “Doom in Baghdad”, The Progressive, http://www.mafhoum.com/press4/118S29.htm, November 2002.

⁷⁹On Rahall’s general background, see entry for “Nick Rahall II”, Caroll’s Federal Directory, Bethesda, Maryland: Carroll Publishing, 2005, reproduced at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC. On Rahall, the Aburdenes, Alamoudi, and Wilson, see Shirl McArthur, “Congress Launches Fawning Frenzy Over Netanyahu's Har Homa Decision”, Washington Report on Middle Eastern Affairs, June/July 1997, 14-17, online at http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0697/9706014.htm; FReeper GOPcapitalist, ”Democrats who took radical isalmic & terrorist campaign $$$ (McKinney, Kennedy, Bonoir & more)”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/734671/posts, August 17, 2002; FReeper palmer, Post 11, commenting on Freeper Fzob, “FBI investigates spread of radical Islam in U.S.”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/994999/posts, Octobr 4, 2003; “Search Criteria: Donor name: aburdene: Recipient: rahall: Cycle(s) selected: 1992, 1990”, opensecrets.org, http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.asp?NumOfThou=0&txtName=aburdene&txtState=%28all+states%29&txtZip=&txtEmploy=&txtCand=rahall&txt1992=Y&txt1990=Y&Order=N; “Search Criteria: Donor name: aburdene: Recipient: rahall: Cycle(s) selected: 2004, 2002, 2000”, opensecrets.org, http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.asp?NumOfThou=0&txtName=aburdene&txtState=%28all+states%29&txtZip=&txtEmploy=&txtCand=rahall&txt2004=Y&txt2002=Y&txt2000=Y&Order=N; “Joseph Wilson’s federal campaign contributions”, Newsmeat, http://www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?st=DC&last=Wilson&first=Joseph; “VPW - Plame Update”, Just One Minute, http://justoneminute.typepad.com/main/2004/10/vpw_plame_updat.html, October 10, 2004.

⁸⁰On Abourezk’s general background, see entry for “James G(eorge) Abourezk”, Contemporary Authors Online, Farmington Hills, Michigan: Thomson Gale, 2002, reproduced at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC. On Abourezk and Carter in Libya, see transcription summarizing DOJ/FBI interview of Billy Carter, January 28, 1980, FBI file AT97-106, page 7 of 7, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/carter_b.htm, Part 4, pdf page 43. On the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, see American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, http://www.adc.org/; Daniel Pipes, “[Hussein Ibish:] U.S. Arabs' Firebrand”, New York Post, March 25, 2002, online at danielpipes.org, http://www.danielpipes.org/article/141; “Kamal Nawash”, danielpipes.org: Weblog, http://www.danielpipes.org/blog/86, September 10, 2003; Ira Stoll, “Bye, Alamoudi”, The American Spectator, October 23, 2003, online at http://tas.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=5630; Stephen Schwartz, “An Activist's Guide to Arab and Muslim Campus and Community Organizations in North America”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7991, May 26, 2003; Lee Kaplan, “The Saudi Fifth Column on Our Nation’s Campuses”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=12833, April 5, 2004.

⁸¹On IPA see IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/; Chris Arabia, “Fifth Column Public Policy Institute”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=5400, January 7, 2003. On the Stern Family Fund see Ronald Austin Wells, “Perspectives on Donor Legacy: What Is It That History Teaches?”, The Wells Group, Inc., http://www.wellsgroup.ws/Html/E2cn.html; Robert O. Bothwell, “The Decline of Progressive Policy and the New Philanthropy: Progressive Foundations and Other Alternatives to Mainstream Foundations Are Created and Become Substantial, But Fail to Reverse the Policy Decline”, COMM-ORG: The Papers: 1995-2005, http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/papers2003/bothwell/bothwellcontents.htm; Don Hazen, “David Hunter, Philanthropic Pioneer, Dies at 84”, AlterNet, http://www.alternet.org/story/10142/; Powell, 16.

⁸²Note 78, esp. Landau, “Five Days in Iraq”; “September 2002”; John Catalinotto, “WWP conference maps struggle against capitalist war”, Workers World, October 3, 2002, online at http://www.workers.org/ww/2002/wwconf1003.php; Central Intelligence Agency, Putting Noncombatants at Risk: Saddam's Use of "Human Shields", online at http://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/iraq_human_shields/.

⁸³”American Delegation En Route to Baghdad”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=613, September 10, 2002; “News Release: Breakthrough: Interviews Available”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=610, September 16, 2002; “Interviews on Iraq: Another UN Resolution?”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=606, September 24, 2002.

⁸⁴Landau, “Doom in Baghdad”.

⁸⁵”House Coalition Announces Opposition To War: 19 Members Of Congress Representing A Growing Coalition in the House Announce Opposition to War in Iraq”, Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich, September 19, 2002, http://kucinich.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=26537; “Statement of Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich”, Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich, http://kucinich.house.gov/UploadedFiles/iraq091902.pdf.

⁸⁶Steve LaRocque, “Byrd Assails Bush Administration's Iraq Resolution, September 20, 2002”, Washington File, September 24, 2002, online at United States Diplomatic Mission to Italy, http://www.usembassy.it/file2002_09/alia/a2092407.htm.

⁸⁷Paul J. Nyden, “Senator Byrd Calls Iraq Attack a ‘Distraction’”, Charleston Gazette, September 21, 2002, online at Why War?, http://www.why-war.com/news/2002/09/21/senatorb.html.

⁸⁸Former Vice President Al Gore, “Iraq and the War on Terrorism”, speech to Commonwealth Club of California, San Francisco, California, September 23, 2002, online at The George Washington University: Democracy in Action: 2004, http://www.gwu.edu/~action/2004/gore/gore092302sp.html.

⁸⁹Remarks by Tom Daschle, September 25, 2002, online at ”Text: Daschle Delivers Remarks From Senate Floor”, washingtonpost.com, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/transcripts/daschle.html.

⁹⁰Remarks of Senator Edward M. Kennedy, ”Eliminating the Threat: The Right Course of Action for Disarming Iraq, Combating Terrorism, Protecting the Homeland, and Stabilizing the Middle East”, September 27, 2002, online at Senator Edward M. Kennedy, http://kennedy.senate.gov/~kennedy/statements/02/09/2002927718.html.

⁹¹Charles Pope and Chris McGann, “McDermott, Others Heading for Iraq”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, September 25, 2002, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0925-08.htm; Barbara Slavin and John Diamond, “Experts skeptical of reports on Al Qaeda-Baghdad link”, USA Today, September 26, 2002, online at http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-09-26-iraq-alqaeda_x.htm; “Democratic Congressmen arrive in Baghdad”, CNN.com, http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/09/27/democrats.iraq.trip/, September 27, 2002; Vivienne Waltz, “Dems in Iraq: Baghdad vows access”, USA Today, September 30, 2002, online at http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-09-30-dems-usat_x.htm.

⁹²On McDermott’s pre-2002 involvement with Iraq, see Theodore H. Draper, “The True History of the Gulf War”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 39, Number 3, January 30, 1992, online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/3019; Post from Ramsey Kysia of November 20, 2000 archived as “State Dept response to McDermott letter” at CASI - Cambridge Solidarity with Iraq, http://www.casi.org.uk/discuss/2000/msg01193.html; Michael Rubin, “Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?”, MERIA: Middle East Review of International Affairs, Volume 5, Number 4, December 2001, online at http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2001/issue4/jv5n4a6.htm.

⁹³On Bonior, the Gulf War, and Iraq sanctions see “Democrat Congressman Accuses Bush of Lying to Provoke War”, NewsMax.com, http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/9/29/161817.shtml, September 30, 2002; Robert Jensen, “Iraq adds its weight to a sad day of remembrance”, San Francisco Chronicle and Fort Worth Star-Telegram, August 6, 2000, online at http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/%7Erjensen/freelance/august6.htm. On Bonior and Vietnam Veterans of America, see “About Vietnam Veterans of America”, Vietnam Veterans of America Household Goods Donation Program: About the Program, http://www.clothingdonations.org/aboutvva.htm; “Milestones in VVAF's Work to Ban Antipersonnel Landmines”, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, http://www.vvaf.org/about/milestones.html. On Bonior’s Muslim lobbying activity, see “Gore Commission watered down CAPPS I after lobbying by CAIR”,Rantburg, http://rantburg.com/popArticle.asp?ID=30453, April 13, 2004; Abu Ali Bafaquih, “Muslim American Power Emerges: Muslim Americans had hardly finished spreading the word about the boycott and placing their “Say No. . .”, ISNA: Islamic Society of North America: Islamic Horizons, November-December 1420/1999, 26, 28, online at Google cache of http://www.isna.net/Horizons/article.asp?issueid=4&artid=4&catid=4&fromall=1; Google cache of “Muslims should contact judiciary committee members on secret evidence today!”, CAIR: Council on American-Islamic Relations, May 22, 2000, https://www.cair-net.org/asp/article.asp?id=5&page=AA; Sarah F. Waheed, “Congressional Bias Regarding Israel-Palestine”, Palestine Media Watch, http://www.pmwatch.org/pmw/manager/pieces/display_message.asp?mid=141, December 8, 2000; Google cache of “Second Muslim secret evidence Detainee to be freed”, CAIR: Council on American-Islamic Relations, December 11, 2000, https://www.cair-net.org/asp/article.asp?id=336&page=NR; Diana West, “Anti-Indiscrimination”, Jewish World Review, January 23, 2002/10 Shevat, 5762, online at http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0102/west012302.asp; “Bonior, David E. (D)” Newsmeat, http://www.newsmeat.com/campaign_contributions_to_politicians/donor_list.php?candidate_id=H6MI12017; “Contributions From Individuals - '90: 210 contributions listed for - MI”, C-SPAN.org: Campaign Finance Database, http://cspan.politicalmoneyline.com/cgi-win/x_byst.exe?DoFn=MIH6MI1201790.

⁹⁴Robert L. Pollock, “Saddam’s Useful Idiots: Did any Iraqi money filter back to American war critics?”, WSJ.com Opinion Journal, http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110004822, March 15, 2004; “Volcker’s U.N. Cleanup: The Russians are blocking a proper Oil for Food probe.”, WSJ.com Opinion Journal, http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110004976, April 19, 2004; Jim Brunner, “Aide Says McDermott Wasn’t Aware of Saddam Link”, The Seattle Times, April 17, 2004, online at < a href=”http://web.archive.org/web/20040502135433/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2001905911_mcdermott17m.html”>http://web.archive.org/web/20040502135433/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2001905911_mcdermott17m.html.

⁹⁵Walt; Pope and McGann. On the Church Council of Greater Seattle, see Church Council of Greater Seattle, http://www.churchcouncilseattle.org/Seattle Community Network: Citizens Concerned for the People of Iraq, http://www.scn.org/ccpi/; Post from Kathy Kelly of May 3, 1998 archived as “Bert Sacks op-ed piece” at CASI - Cambridge Solidarity with Iraq, http://www.casi.org.uk/discuss/1998/msg00196.html.

⁹⁶”Interviews Available: New Congressional Visit to Iraq”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=603, September 27, 2002.

⁹⁷John H. Cushman, Jr., ”Democratic Congressman Asserts Bush Would Mislead US on Iraq”, New York Times, September 30, 2002, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0930-02.htm; Will Vehrs, “Baghdad Interview Re-Ignites Partisan Debate”, FOXNews.com, http://fox-news.com/story/0,2933,64447,00.html, September 30, 2002; , mcd interview

⁹⁸McDermott to House of Representatives, October 10, 2002, online at “Congressman Jim McDermott Remarks on House Joint Resolution 114, To Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq”, Seattle Community Network: Citizens Concerned for the People of Iraq, http://www.scn.org/ccpi/index.html.

⁹⁹E.g. Press Release, Michigan Senators Carl Levin, Debbie Stabenow, “Senators Debbie Stabenow, Carl Levin Invite Members of Congress, Staff to View Arab American Museum Exhibit in Russell Rotunda”, September 30, 2005, retrieved from ACCESS Community, https//www.accesscommunity.org/documents/09-30-05_Arab_American_Museum_Traveling_Exhibit.doc.

¹⁰⁰”Background: Debating Iraq”, October 3, 2002, NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, online at http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/july-dec02/bkgdiraq_10-03.html.

[Fedora]

¹⁰¹Remarks of Pat Roberts to Senate, “Making Minority Party Appointments”, Congressional Record, January 14, 2003, Page S281-S283, online at Federation of American Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2003_cr/s011403.html; Jeff Gannon, “Rockefeller Threatened to Make Intel Committee Partisan in 2002”, Talon News, http://www.talonnews.com/news/2003/november/1110_intel_memo.shtml, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20040504140314/http://www.talonnews.com/news/2003/november/1110_intel_memo.shtml, November 10, 2003; Robert Novak, “Ruining the Intelligence Committee: Partisan animosity that has brought operations of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence to a standstill reached new depths on the early evening of Nov. 5.”, Townhall.com, http://www.townhall.com/opinion/columns/robertnovak/2003/11/17/170453.html, November 17, 2003.

¹⁰²Doug Thompson, “Dems plan to undermine America to beat Bush”, CapitolHillBlue, January 6, 2003, archived at FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/830866/posts.

¹⁰³Â“Raw Data: Dem Memo on Iraq Intel”, FOXNews.com, November 6, 2003, reproduced at http://www.intelmemo.com/. For additional sources see “News Articles” and “Congressional Record” links at intelmemo.com, http://www.intelmemo.com/.

¹⁰⁴United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 57, 72 (pdf pages 22, 37); Hersh, “Who Lied to Whom?”; “Democratic Efforts to Address Misuse of Intelligence Have Been Repeatedly Blocked by Republicans”, Harry Reid, http://reid.senate.gov/record2.cfm?id=248135, November 2, 2005.

¹⁰⁵United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 69 (pdf page 34).

¹⁰⁶Letter, Carl Levin to Hans Blix, June 9, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2003/061103BlixLetter.pdf attached to ”Levin Statement on CIA's Sharing of Intelligence on WMD with the UN”, Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=216418, June 16, 2003.

¹⁰⁷Karin Fischer, “Rockefeller returns from Middle East trip”, Charleston Daily Mail, February 25, 2003; Peter Hardin, “Warner Delegation Hears Anti-U.S. Views”, Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 25, 2003.

¹⁰⁸”War in Iraq, Why Now?”, Nightline, March 4, 2003, transcript online at U.S. Senator John McCain: News: Interviews, http://mccain.senate.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=Newscenter.ViewInterview&Content_id=768; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 321-323.

¹⁰⁹Joby Warrick, “Some Evidence on Iraq Called Fake: U.N. Nuclear Inspector Says Documents on Purchases Were Forged”, The Washington Post, March 8, 2003, Page A01, online at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/bush-appeals/some-iraq-evidence-fake.txt.

¹¹⁰Joseph Wilson on CNN Saturday, March 8, 2003, transcript online at CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0303/08/cst.07.html.

¹¹¹Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 325-327.

¹¹²Â”DiplomatÂ’s ‘outrageÂ’ finds political outlet”, The Boston Herald, October 25, 2003, archived at FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1007776/posts; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 410-411, 442. On Beers cf. .Laura Blumenfeld, ”Former Aide Takes Aim at War on Terror”, The Washington Post, June 16, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A62941-2003Jun15?language=printer: “Five days before the war began in Iraq, as President Bush prepared to raise the terrorism threat level to orange, a top White House counterterrorism adviser unlocked the steel door to his office, an intelligence vault secured by an electronic keypad, a combination lock and an alarm. . .Beers's resignation surprised Washington, but what he did next was even more astounding. Eight weeks after leaving the Bush White House, he volunteered as national security adviser for Sen. John F. Kerry (Mass.), a Democratic candidate for president, in a campaign to oust his former boss.”; Ronald Brownstein, “Kerry is shaping his foreign policy: His network of experts spans a range of opinions”, Los Angeles Times, April 11, 2004, online at deseretnews.com, http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595055360,00.html: “Probably the closest analogue to Bush's Vulcans have been a group of Kerry advisers who hold a weekly conference call directed by Rand Beers. . .That group has included Lee Feinstein, the former deputy director of policy planning at the State Department, and Joe Wilson. . .Most observers considered the Kerry campaign's signing of Beers last May a major coup. . .”

¹¹³Hersh, “The Stovepipe”; Ward, “Double Exposure”; cf. Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 3, 330-331.

¹¹⁴Nicholas Kristof, “Missing in Action: Truth”, The New York Times, May 6, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0506-02.htm.

¹¹⁵Walter Pincus, “CIA Did Not Share Doubt on Iraq Data: Bush Used Report of Uranium Bid”, The Washington Post, June 12, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A46957-2003Jun11&notFound=true (cf. Walter Pincus, “CIA Says It Cabled Key Data to White House: But Officials Say Document Lacked Conclusion on Iraqi Uranium Deal”, The Washington Post, June 13, 2003, Page A16, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A52813-2003Jun12&notFound=true; Walter Pincus, “Report Cast Doubt on Iraq-Al Qaeda Connection”, The Washington Post, June 22, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A19822-2003Jun21?language=printer).

¹¹⁶John B. Judis and Spencer Ackerman, “The First Casualty: The Selling of the Iraq War”, The New Republic, post date June 19, 2003, print date June 30, 2003, online at http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?pt=0cQNpJfYxhSff7JJVl4q9T%3D%3D.

¹¹⁷Andrew Buncombe and Raymond Whitaker, ”Ministers knew war papers were forged, says diplomat: US official who identified documents incriminating Iraq as fakes says Britain must have been aware of findings”, Independent, June 29, 2003, online at http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article110890.ece. Cf. Nicholas Watt, “Admission on Niger claim, “ The Guardian, June 28, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/guardianpolitics/story/0,3605,986738,00.html: “Mr Ehrman. . .asked Mr Straw to comment on recent reports in the US press that a retired US ambassador concluded in February last year, after a visit to Niger, that the allegations were false.”

¹¹⁸See Note 65.

¹¹⁹Wilson, “What I DidnÂ’t Find in Africa”, The New York Times, July 6, 2003, online at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0706-02.htm .

¹²⁰Richard Leiby and Walter Pincus, “Ex-Envoy: Nuclear Report Ignored: Iraqi Purchases Were Doubted by CIA”, The Washington Post, July 6, 2003, Page A13, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A13536-2003Jul5&notFound=true.

¹²¹Joseph Wilson interview with Andrea Mitchell, Meet the Press, July 6, 2003, transcript online at JustOneMinute: Footnotes, http://justoneminute.typepad.com/footnotes/2004/07/joe_wilson_with.html; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 333-334.

¹²²Â”Kucinich: What Else Was The Vice President Hiding? Vice PresidentÂ’s Office Knew Niger Evidence Was Unreliable Almost A Year Before The State Of The Union”, Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich, http://kucinich.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=28165, July 8, 2003; Carl Levin, floor statement, “Iraqi Intelligence”, Congressional Record, 108th Congress, First Session, July 15, 2003, online at Federation of American Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2003_cr/levin071503.html; “Kucinich, Former Intelligence Officers To Hold News Briefing On The Administration's Use Of Intelligence In the Lead-Up To The War In Iraq”, July 11, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/news2003/0711-06.htm; Edward Spannaus, “CheneyÂ’s ‘Shadow GovernmentÂ’ Comes Into the Sunlight”, EIR: Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 29, July 25, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3029cheney_exposed.html.

¹²³David Corn, “A White House Smear”, The Nation: Blog: Capital Games, http://www.thenation.com/blogs/capitalgames?bid=3&pid=823, July 16, 2003; cf. Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 4, 349.

¹²⁴Matthew Cooper, Massimo Calabresi and John Dickerson, “A War on Wilson? Inside the Bush Administration's feud with the diplomat who poured cold water on the Iraq-uranium connection”, posted July 17, 2003 at TIME.com, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,465270,00.html.

¹²⁵Alex Johnson with Andrea Mitchell, ”CIA Seeks Probe of White House: Agency asks Justice to investigate leak of employeeÂ’s identity”, MSNBC, September 27, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0927-01.htm.

¹²⁶See Note 65.

¹²⁷Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 442.

¹²⁸”June 16 Testimony of Joseph Wilson”, AfterDowningStreet.org: Evidence, http://www.afterdowningstreet.org/?q=node/288. Cf. Leiby and Pincus, “Ex-Envoy: Nuclear Report Ignored”; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 3-4, 328-332.

¹²⁹Ron Fournier, “Kerry Says Bush Misled Americans On War”, Associated Press, June 18, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0618-09.htm.

¹³⁰Audrey Hudson, “Senators reject KerryÂ’s claim Bush misled U.S.”, The Washington Times, June 23, 2003, http://www.washtimes.com/national/20030623-122726-4425r.htm. On Rockefeller and KerryÂ’s West Virginia campaign, see Martha Bryson Hodel, “Byrd urges vote for Kerry: Says GOP misleading voters on religion”, The Cincinnati Enquirer, September 28, 2004, online at http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/09/28/loc_loc1abushykerry.html; “A Byrd in Hand CanÂ’t Beat Two-Termer Bush: West Virginians Rejected ByrdÂ’s Support Of Liberals Al Gore And John Kerry”, National Republican Senatorial Committee, http://www.nrsc.org/newsdesk/document.aspx?ID=77.

¹³¹Central Intelligence Agency, Putting Noncombatants at Risk: Saddam's Use of "Human Shields", online at http://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/iraq_human_shields/.

¹³²Â”Phyllis Bennis”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/bios.htm#Phyllis%20Bennis; “National Teach-In on Iraq (Produced by IPS; $15.00 DVD)”, United for Peace and Justice: Merchandise: Videos, http://unitedforpeace.org/catalog/product_info.php/products_id/73; ”CBS and CNN Avoid Labeling a Far-Left Think Tank”, Media Research Center: Cyberalert, Volume Eight, Number 31, February 18, 2003, http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/2003/cyb20030218.asp#4. On the UPJ see excerpts from John J. Tierney, The Politics of Peace: WhatÂ’s Behind the Anti-War Movement?, Washington, DC: Capital Research Center, March 2005, online at Capital Research Center, http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pubs.asp?ID=446; “Jakarta Peace Conference: Iraq & the Global Peace Movement: Strategy Conference of the Global Peace Movement, Jakarta, Indonesia, 19-21 May 2003”, Transnational Institute, http://www.tni.org/history/index.htm. On the PCPJ and VVAW see John E. OÂ’Neill and Jerome R. Corsi, Unfit for Command: Swift Boat Veterans Speak Out Against John Kerry, Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2004, 115-116, 124-125, 131, 157; “Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar MovementÂ’s Communist Connections”, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=Fedora3; Max Friedman, “Did The KGB Use John Kerry?”, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=KGBKerry, July 6, 2005; Federal Bureau of Investigation, Information Digest Special Report on VVAW, August 25, 1972, FBI file HQ 100-448092, Section 32, pdf pages 31-45, reproduced online with notes at “Information Digest Special Report on VVAW: 8/25/72”, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=InfoDigestonVVAW. On the lineage from the PCPJ through the UPJ, cf. Friedman [“The same basic leadership showed up in the various Mobes and their successors, including such CPUSA and pro-communist individuals as. . .Leslie Cagan (eventually aligned with the CP faction known as COC). . .”]; “Guide to the Committees of Correspondence (U.S) Records, 1991-1997”, The Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, http://dlib.nyu.edu:8083/tamwagead/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=/coc.xml&style=/saxon01t2002.xsl∂=body; David Horowitz, “People Against the American Way”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.townhall.com/columnists/davidhorowitz/dh20030514.shtml, May 14, 2003.

¹³³Â”The 2002 Iraq Forum, June 15-16, 2002, Washington, D.C.”, EPIC: Education for Peace in Iraq Center , http://www.epic-usa.org/Default.aspx?tabid=157.

¹³⁴”Transcripts: Striking First: a Jim Lehrer NewsHour with Phyllis Bennis, 1 July 2002”, Transnational Institute: TNI History: 2002, http://www.tni.org/history/index.htm.

¹³⁵”Testimony Prepared for Hearings on Iraq Policy, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 31 July 2002, Phyllis Bennis, Institute for Policy Studies”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/comment/Bennis/iraqtestimony.htm.

¹³⁶”CBS and CNN Avoid Labeling a Far-Left Think Tank”, Media Research Center: Cyberalert, Volume Eight, Number 31, February 18, 2003, http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/2003/cyb20030218.asp#4.

¹³⁷Stephen Zunes, “Seven Reasons to Oppose a U.S. Invasion of Iraq: FPIF Policy Report, August 2002”, online at FPIF: Foreign Policy in Focus, http://www.fpif.org/papers/iraq2.html; Stephen Zunes, “FPIF Talking Points: Why Not to Wage War with Iraq: August 2002”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/downloads/0208iraq.pdf.

¹³⁸Stephen Zunes, “The Case Against War”, The Nation, September 30, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020930/zunes.

¹³⁹Readers and David Cortright, “Killing Sanctions in Iraq”, The Nation, January 21, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020121/letter.

¹⁴⁰Phyllis Bennis, “The UN, the US and Iraq”, The Nation, November 11, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021111/bennis; Phyllis Bennis, “Half a Victory at the UN”, The Nation, December 2, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021202/bennis.

¹⁴¹Alexander Cockburn, “The Antiwar Movement and Its Critics”, The Nation, December 2, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/docprem.mhtml?i=20021202&s=cockburn; Alexander Cockburn, “The Anti-War Movement and Its Critics: Merle Haggard Locates Osama; General Hitchens, Hie Thee to Fort Bragg; Whose Left Is It Anyway”, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn1114.html, November 14, 2002.

¹⁴²Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, ”Memo for: President Bush Re: War on Iraq”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips02082003.html, February 8, 2003.

¹⁴³David Corn, Marc Cooper & Alexander Cockburn, “Debating the Antiwar Movement”, The Nation, December 23, 2002, posted December 4, 2002 at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021223/exchange.

¹⁴⁴The Nation, March 3, 2003, online at http://www.thenation.com/issue/20030303.

¹⁴⁵Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 318, 354.

¹⁴⁶”September 2003” Common Dreams NewsCenter: Views Archive, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/september2003.htm.

¹⁴⁷Joseph Wilson, “How Saddam Thinks”, San Jose Mercury News, October 13, 2002, online at , http://www.politicsoftruth.com/editorials/saddam.html.

¹⁴⁸Note 64.

¹⁴⁹Note 65.

¹⁵⁰“Lott: Dems Used Focus Groups to Attack Bush on War”, NewsMax.com, http://www.newsmax.com/scripts/showinside.pl?a=2003/3/21/100946, March 21, 2003.

¹⁵¹Dana Priest, “U.S. Not Claiming Iraqi Link To Terror”, The Washington Post, September 10, 2002, Page A01, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59403-2002Sep9.html, archived at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/no-iraq-alqaeda-link.txt; Julian Borger, “White House 'exaggerating Iraqi threat': Bush's televised address attacked by US intelligence”, The Guardian, October 9, 2002, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,807286,00.html; Bradley Graham and Dana Priest, “Pentagon Team Told to Seek Details of Iraq-Al Qaeda Ties: Effort Bypasses Regular Intelligence Channels; CIA Rift Disputed”, The Washington Post, October 25, 2002, Page A24, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14056-2002Oct24.html. Contrast with CannistraroÂ’s comments in Julian Borger, “Saddam link to Bin Laden: Terror chief 'offered asylum' in Iraq? US says dealings step up danger of chemical weapons attacks”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,314700,00.html, February 6, 1999; Julian Borger, “Iraq-Bin Laden boat bomb link: USS Cole: 17 dead mourned as experts piece together attack”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4078596,00.html, October 19, 2000; Al-Qaida's desire for ever more deaths raises spectre of germ, chemical or nuclear attacks”, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/september11/oneyearon/story/0,12361,786137,00.html, September 5, 2002.

¹⁵²Michael White and Brian Whitaker, “UK war dossier a sham, say experts: British 'intelligence' lifted from academic articles”, The Guardian, February 7, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,890916,00.html. On Rangwala, CASI, Voices in the Wilderness, and the Emergence Committee on Iraq, see “Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq: Newsletter: January 1999”, CASI - Cambridge Solidarity with Iraq, http://www.casi.org.uk/newslet/jan99.html; “House of Commons”, CASI - Cambridge Solidarity with Iraq, http://www.casi.org.uk/info/ukcommons.html; Note 65.

¹⁵³Warrick, “Some Evidence on Iraq Called Fake”. Cf. “Inspectors Dispute Iraq Allegations”, The Guardian, January 29, 2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-2360883,00.html, online at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/inspections/dispute-aluminum-tubes.txt; Joby Warrick, “Doubts Remain About Purpose Of Specialized Aluminum Tubes”, The Washington Post, February 6, 2003, Page A29, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32110-2003Feb5.html, online at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/inspections/doubts-aluminum-tubes.txt.

¹⁵⁴”News Release: Decoding the New UN Resolution on Iraq: Myth-Shattering Analysis at Accuracy.org/un2”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=588, November 13, 2002; ”News Release: Some Analysis of PowellÂ’s Speech”, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=557, February 6, 2003; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, “Intelligence Officers Challenge Bush”, Bainbridge Neighbors for Peace, http://www.bnfp.org/neighborhood/VetIntPro_for_Sanity.htm, May 1, 2003; Kristof, “Missing in Action: Truth”; Note 65; Dan Plesch and Glen Rangwala with Ffion Evans, John Fellows, and Gwenllian Griffiths, A Case to Answer: A first report on the potential impeachment of the Prime Minister for High Crimes and Misdemeanours in relation to the invasion of Iraq., Adam Price MP, August 2004, online at ImpeachBlair.org, http://www.impeachblair.org/report.shtml.

¹⁵⁵IraqÂ’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government, September 24, 2002, 25 (pdf page 28; cf. p. 6/pdf p. 9), online at 10 Downing Street, http://www.number-10.gov.uk/files/pdf/iraqdossier.pdf.

¹⁵⁶Gian Marco Chiocci, “Parla lÂ’ex 007 Rocco Martino ‘Ecco la verita sul Nigergate’”, il Giornale, September 21, 2004, 4, online at Ministero della Difesa, http://www.difesa.it/files/rassegnastampa/040922/5X9BK.pdf, English translation at TPMCafe, http://www.tpmcafe.com/story/2005/10/11/3229/1796. Cf. Bruce Johnston and Kim Willsher, “Italy blames France for Niger uranium claim”, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/09/05/wuran05.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/09/05/ixworld.html, May 9, 2004; Mark Huband, “French Probe Led to ‘Fake Niger Uranium Papers’”, Financial Times, August 2, 2004 online at Global Policy Forum, http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/justify/2004/0802niger.htm; Chairman Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell KG GCB CVO, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, London: The Stationery Office, July 14, 2004, 123 (pdf pages 137), online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf.

¹⁵⁷“Italian journalist claims she supplied Iraq-Niger uranium documents to US”, ClariNews, http://quickstart.clari.net/qs_se/webnews/wed/bi/Qus-iraq-niger-italy.Rt17_DlJ.html, July 19, 2003; Hersh, “The Stovepipe”; Bonini and DÂ’Avanzo, ”Doppiogiochisti e dilettanti tutti gli italiani del Nigergate”.

¹⁵⁸On Carl Ford and Cassidy & Associates, see “Carl Ford Jr.”, LobbySearch: Lobbyist Profile, http://www.lobbysearch.com/cgi-bin/display_player.pl?id=20031013154400; cf. Jim Lobe, “African Governments Spend Millions in Lobbying”, CorpWatch, http://www.corpwatch.org/news/PND.jsp?articleid=98, May 20, 2001. On Thielmann and VIPS, see Kristof, “Save Our Spooks”;Wolf, “U.S. Insiders Say Iraq Intel Deliberately Skewed”; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, “Memo For: Colleagues in Intelligence: Subject: One Person Can Make a Difference”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips10142003.html, October 14, 2003.

¹⁵⁹United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 57-59 (pdf pages 22-24).

¹⁶⁰Vernon Loeb, "CIA Is Stepping Up Attempts To Monitor Spread of Weapons", Washington Post, March 12, 2001, Page A15, online at “RANSAC Nuclear News, March 14, 2001”, RANSAC: Russian American Nuclear Security Advisory Council, http://www.ransac.org/Projects%20and%20Publications/News/Nuclear%20News/2001/03_14_01.html; United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 38-39 (pdf pages 3-4); Ward, “Double Exposure”; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 424; Ray McGovern, “Conscience Before Career”, TomPaine.com, October 2, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/1003-11.htm; Ray McGovern, “More at Stake in Bolton Nomination Than Meets the Eye”, TomPaine.com, April 25, 2005, online at truthout, http://www.truthout.org/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/38/10642.

¹⁶¹Hersh, “Who Lied to Whom?”

¹⁶²Hersh, “The Stovepipe”.

¹⁶³United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 59, 69 (pdf pages 24, 34).

¹⁶⁴United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 60-61 (pdf pages 25-26).

¹⁶⁵Hersh, “Who Lied to Whom?”

¹⁶⁶Hersh, “The Stovepipe”.

¹⁶⁷Cf. Chairman Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell KG GCB CVO, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, London: The Stationery Office, July 14, 2004, 121-125 (pdf pages 135-139), online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf.

¹⁶⁸United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 61-62 (pdf pages 26-27).

¹⁶⁹Summarized by parnasokan at “NIGERGATE: THE ANTI BUSH AND BERLUSCONI NETWORK”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1511734/posts, October 29, 2005.

¹⁷⁰”Levin Floor Statement on the Situation in Iraq”, January 9, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=210449; Letter, Senator Carl Levin to President George W. Bush, January 24, 2003, attached to “Levin Urges President to Share U.S. Intelligence Information with Weapons Inspectors”, January 24, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=209011; Letter, Carl Levin to Hans Blix, June 9, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2003/061103BlixLetter.pdf attached to ”Levin Statement on CIA's Sharing of Intelligence on WMD with the UN”, Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=216418, June 16, 2003.

¹⁷¹United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 69 (pdf page 34).

¹⁷²Maura Reynolds, “Time Is Running Out, Bush Cautions: He and the British premier, united yet differing, press the U.N. to act quickly on Iraq.”, The Los Angeles Times, February 1, 2003.

¹⁷³See Note 106.

¹⁷⁴Hersh, “The Stovepipe”; cf. “Who Lied to Whom?” Cf. Judis and Ackerman, “The First Casualty”.

¹⁷⁵United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 67 (pdf page 32).

¹⁷⁶Walter Pincus and Dana Priest, “U.S. Had Uranium Papers Earlier: Officials Say Forgeries on Iraqi Efforts Reached State Dept. Before Speech”, Washington Post, July 18, 2003, online at GlobalResearch.ca, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PIN307A.html; Richard Leiby and Walter Pincus, “Ex-Envoy: Nuclear Report Ignored: Iraqi Purchases Were Doubted by CIA”, The Washington Post, July 6, 2003, Page A13, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A13536-2003Jul5&notFound=true.

¹⁷⁷Ian Traynor, “UK nuclear evidence a fake: British intelligence claims that Saddam Hussein has been trying to import uranium for a nuclear bomb are unfounded, according to UN nuclear inspectors ”, The Guardian, March 8, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,909946,00.html; Sally Bolton and agencies, “Blix attacks US war intelligence, “The Guardian, April 22, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,941231,00.html. Cf. Hersh, “Who Lied to Whom?”: “What is generally agreed upon, a congressional intelligence-committee staff member told me, is that the Niger documents were initially circulated by the British--President Bush said as much in his State of the Union speech--and that ‘the Brits placed more stock in them than we did.’”

¹⁷⁸Chairman Rt. Hon. Ann Taylor, MP, Intelligence and Security Committee: Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction - Intelligence and Assessments, Colegate, Norwich: Her MajestyÂ’s Stationery Office (HMSO), St. Clements House, September 2003, 28 (pdf pages 33), online at GlobalSecurity.org, www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/2003/isc-iwmdia_sep2003.pdf; Chairman Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell KG GCB CVO, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, London: The Stationery Office, July 14, 2004, 123 (pdf page 137), online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf; Dana Priest and Susan Schmidt, “FBI Probes Fake Evidence of Iraqi Nuclear Plans”, The Washington Post, March 13, 2003, Page A17, online at Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2095.htm.

¹⁷⁹See Note 107.

¹⁸⁰See Note 108.

¹⁸¹See Notes 110-111.

¹⁸²See Note 109.

¹⁸³Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Stopping War Not 'Up to Us,' Iraqi Says: Hussein Aide Sees Conflict As Inevitable“, The Washington Post, January 26, 2003, Page A1.

¹⁸⁴See Note 111.

¹⁸⁵Matthew Cooper, Massimo Calabresi and John Dickerson, “A War on Wilson? Inside the Bush Administration's feud with the diplomat who poured cold water on the Iraq-uranium connection”, posted July 17, 2003 at TIME.com, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,465270,00.html.

¹⁸⁶”ADL: Ted Turner HasnÂ’t Learned From His Mistakes”, Anti-Defamation League, http://www.adl.org/PresRele/HolNa_52/4629_52.htm, January 26, 2005; “An Eason Jordan Timeline of Events”, Easongate.com, http://billroggio.com/easongate/archives/2005/02/an_eason_jordan.php, February 11, 2005.

¹⁸⁷Cf. David Halberstam, The Powers That Be, New York: Knopf, 1979.

¹⁸⁸Pincus, “Anonymous sources: Their use in a time of prosecutorial interest”, Nieman Reports, Volume 59, Number 2, Summer 2005, online in pdf format at Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University: Nieman Reports, http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/contents.html and in html format at Nieman Watchdog: Showcase, http://www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Showcase.view&showcaseid=0019, July 6, 2005; Joe Strupp, “Pincus: Woodward ‘Asked Me to Keep Him OutÂ’ of Plame Reporting”, Editor & Publisher, http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001523334, November 16, 2005. Cf. Bob Woodward, Bush at War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002; Bob Woodward, The Secret Man: The Story of WatergateÂ’s Deep Throat, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. On some of the problems with WoodwardÂ’s claim that Mark Felt was Deep Throat, cf. Carl Limbacher, “General Haig: Deep Throat Not Lone Source”, NewsMax.com, http://www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2005/5/31/211941.shtml, May 31, 2005; email from Jim Hougan, posted at “More on Mark Felt, Deep Throat, and Bennett”, Cannonfire, http://cannonfire.blogspot.com/2005/05/more-on-mark-felt-deep-throat-and.html, May 31, 2005; Jim Hougan, “Deep Throat, Bob Woodward and the CIA: Strange Bedfellows”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/hougan06082005.html, June 8, 2005.

¹⁸⁹John W. Dean, “More vicious than Tricky Dick: John Dean says the Bush team's leaks are even viler than his former boss's -- and that Plame and Wilson should file a civil suit.”, Salon.com, http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2003/10/03/dean/index_np.html, October 3, 2003. On Dean and Watergate see Jim Hougan, Secret Agenda: Watergate, Deep Throat and the CIA, New York: Random House, 1984; Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin, Silent Coup: The Removal of a President, (New York: St. MartinÂ’s Press, 1991).

¹⁹⁰United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 64-66 (pdf pages 29-31); Dana Priest and Karen DeYoung with Glenn Kessler, "CIA Questioned Documents Linking Iraq, Uranium Ore", Washington Post, March 22, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0322-04.htm; Walter Pincus and Dana Priest, “U.S. Had Uranium Papers Earlier: Officials Say Forgeries on Iraqi Efforts Reached State Dept. Before Speech”, Washington Post, July 18, 2003, online at GlobalResearch.ca, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PIN307A.html; Michael Duffy and James Carney, ”A Question of Trust”, TIME, July 21, 2003, online at http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,464405,00.html; Julian Borger, “Democrats step up pressure on uranium claims: Attempt to blame 'tainted' intelligence on CIA boss adds to woes for Bush”, The Guardian, July 14, 2003, online at Forgotten History, http://www.lossless-audio.com/usa/index0.php?page=1101548993.htm; Timothy Noah, “Is Libby the Phantom Bigfoot? An exclusive report from Slate's guesswork unit.”, Slate, http://www.slate.com/id/2085803/, July 17, 2003; ”Head of CIA Weapons Analysis Program Leaving”, Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=reutersEdge&storyID=3422015, September 10, 2003, archived at ”Head of CIA Weapons Analysis Program Leaving”, FreeRepublic.com, http://209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/979978/posts, September 10, 2003; Ray McGovern and David MacMichael, interview, ”“The Crazies Are Back”: Bush Sr.Â’s CIA Briefer Recalls How the First Bush Administration Referred to Wolfowitz, Rumsfeld and Cheney”, Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article4736.htm.

¹⁹¹Hersh, “The Stovepipe”.

¹⁹²McGovern, “Conscience Before Career”.

¹⁹³Sidney Blumenthal, “There was no failure of intelligence: US spies were ignored, or worse, if they failed to make the case for war”, The Guardian, February 5, 2004, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1141401,00.html. On LangÂ’s background and relation to Wilson see Note 59.

¹⁹⁴Michael Rubin, “Web of Conspiracies: False rumors go from fringe staff go mainstream-again and again.”, National Review Online, http://www.nationalreview.com/rubin/rubin200405180836.asp, May 18, 2004.

¹⁹⁵Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 313-314; cf. 325-326.

¹⁹⁶Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 17.

¹⁹⁷Reed Kramer, “Kansteiner To Leave Top Africa Post, Key Embassies in Transition”, allAfrica.com, http://allafrica.com/stories/200310010765.html, October 1, 2003; ”Board”, The Corporate Council on Africa: About CCA, http://www.africacncl.org/About_CCA/board.asp; “Walter H. Kansteiner, III”, The Scowcroft Group: Who We Are, http://scowcroft.com/html/whoweare.html.

¹⁹⁸See Note 128.

¹⁹⁹Letter, Representative Henry A. Waxman to President George W. Bush, March 17, 2003, online at Representative Henry Waxman: 30th District of California, http://www.house.gov/waxman/text/admin_iraq_march_17_let.htm. Cf. Harry Kreisler interview with Tom Engelhardt, “Taking Back the Word: Conversation with Tom Engelhardt”, April 23, 2004, online at Institute of International Studies: Conversations with History, http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Engelhardt/engelhardt-con4.html; Jeffrey Steinberg, “The Henry Waxman Letter: Who Knew What, and When?”, Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 23, June 13, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3023wmd_fraud.html.

²⁰⁰Note 110 and David Ensor segment on “U.N. Saying Documents Were Faked”, American Morning, March 14, 2003, transcript online at CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0303/14/ltm.14.html; Dana Priest and Susan Schmidt, “FBI Probes Fake Evidence of Iraqi Nuclear Plans”, The Washington Post, March 13, 2003, Page A17, online at Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2095.htm; Hersh, “Who Lied to Whom?”; Kristof, “Missing in Action: Truth”.

²⁰¹See Note 70.

²⁰²David Ensor segment on “U.N. Saying Documents Were Faked”, American Morning, March 14, 2003, transcript online at CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0303/14/ltm.14.html. Cf. Ray Close, “Whose Deliberate Disinformation? A CIA Analyst on Forging Intelligence”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/close03102003.html, March 10, 2003; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, “Memo to the President: Forgery, Hyperbole, Half-Truth: A Problem”, Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0319-08.htm, March 19, 2003; Ray Close, “Why the Lies About WMD Matter: A Crime Against American Values”, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/close06102003.html, June 10, 2003.

²⁰³Â“Senator RobertsÂ’ Statement on the Niger Documents”,United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, http://intelligence.senate.gov/030711.htm, July 11, 2003.

²⁰⁴Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 3, 332. Cf. comments by manyoso, “The Theory of the Two Notebooks”, The Next Hurrah, http://thenexthurrah.typepad.com/the_next_hurrah/2005/10/the_theory_of_t.html, October 11, 2005: “I contacted that Independent article author and tried to get him to tell me the name of the ambassador when it came out. He refused, but he put me on the trail... a few days later I contacted someone else who _did_ give me his name. I published Wilson's name and the next day he wrote his op-ed for the NY Times, so Wilson was right... his name was about to come out.”

²⁰⁵See Note 65.

²⁰⁶For some timeline resources, see “Plame affair timeline”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plame_scandal_timeline; “Plame Leak timeline”, dKosopedia, http://www.dkosopedia.com/index.php/Plame_Leak_timeline; “July 14, 2004: The Joseph Wilson / Valerie Plame Timeline”, JustOneMinute, http://justoneminute.typepad.com/footnotes/2004/07/the_joseph_wils.html; Larisa Alexandrovna and Muriel Kane, “Senator Pat Roberts (R - KS) Helps to Fix the Intel”, The Raw Story, http://rawstory.com/robertsintel.htm.

²⁰⁷On Pincus and the CIA, see Pincus, “How I Traveled Abroad on CIA Subsidy”, San Jose Mercury, February 18, 1967, 14; “Walter Pincus”, NNDB, http://www.nndb.com/people/233/000044101/. On Pincus and IPS, see James L. Tyson, Target America: The Influence of Communist Propaganda on U.S. Media, with preface by Reed Irvine, Chicago: Regnery Gateway, 1981, 160-168; Powell, Covert Cadre, 57.

²⁰⁸See Notes 110. On Ensor and Close, see Note 202.

²⁰⁹See Note 111.

²¹⁰See Note 114.

²¹¹See Note 115.

²¹²Walter Pincus, “Report Cast Doubt on Iraq-Al Qaeda Connection”, The Washington Post, June 22, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A19822-2003Jun21?language=printer

²¹³See Note 65.

²¹⁴See Note 116.

²¹⁵See Note 117.

²¹⁶See Note 119.

²¹⁷See Note 120.

²¹⁸See Note 121.

²¹⁹See Note 7.

²²⁰Cf. Pincus, “Report Cast Doubt on Iraq-Al Qaeda Connection”.

²²¹United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 45 (pdf page 10).

²²²United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, “Additional Comments”, 442-445 (pdf pages 2-5).

²²³Joshua Micah Marshall, “July 14, 2004”, Talking Points Memo, http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/week_2004_07_11.php#003169, July 17, 2004.

²²⁴Dana Priest and Karen DeYoung, “CIA Questioned Documents Linking Iraq, Uranium Ore”, The Washington Post, March 22, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0322-04.htm.

²²⁵Chairman Rt. Hon. Ann Taylor, MP, Intelligence and Security Committee: Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction - Intelligence and Assessments, Colegate, Norwich: Her MajestyÂ’s Stationery Office (HMSO), St. Clements House, September 2003, 27-28 (pdf pages 32-33), online at GlobalSecurity.org, www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/2003/isc-iwmdia_sep2003.pdf.

²²⁶See Note 224.

²²⁷United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 40 (pdf page 5).

²²⁸United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 36, 38 (pdf pages 1, 3).

²²⁹United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂ’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, “Niger”, 41 (pdf page 6).

²³⁰See Note 222.

²³¹Wilson on Paula Zahn Now, July 19, 2004, online at “Interview With Carmen bin Laden; Interview With Barbara Walters”, CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0407/19/pzn.00.html.

²³²See Note 65.

²³³See Note 7.

²³⁴Hersh, “The Stovepipe”.

²³⁵Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 326.