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We got lots of chips in some of the fields around here. ;- )

I had not realized that Haplogroup X had been found in southern Siberia prior to finding this abstract. I sure it will be fascinating to find out how it got there!

Some of these folks out of UC Davis are doing some very interesting research into migrations! Wish I knew more about it.

Bottom line is that people were here 10-15KY before any of the mongoloid races made it to "beringa"

Here is the Caucasian linage: (haplogroup x)

Caucasia. A large region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea on the border between Eastern Europe and Asia. It is traversed by the Caucasus Mountains, from which it derives its name. In the north, Caucasia extends to the Kuma-Manych Depression and, in the south, to the northwestern border of Turkey and northern border of Iran. The region covers an area of over 440,000 sq km and in 1959 had a population of 27 million. Its northwestern part is settled by Ukrainians.

Caucasia consists of three geographical zones: (1) the steep Caucasus Mountains, known also as the Great Caucasus Range; (2) the steppe lowlands of Subcaucasia, which lies north of the mountains and is divided by the Stavropol Upland into the Kuban Lowland and the Terek-Kuma Lowland (see Terek region); and (3) the mountains of Transcaucasia (the Little Caucasus and the Southern Caucasian or Armenian Highland), which are south of the lowlands and are separated from them by the Rion Depression and the Kura Valley. The Caucasus mountain watershed divides Caucasia into two historical-political regions: (1) Transcaucasia, with an area of 190,000 sq km (encompassing Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia) and a population of 14 million; and (2) Subcaucasia or northern Caucasia, with an area of 250,000 sq km belonging to the Russian Federation (encompassing Krasnodar krai, Stavropol krai, and the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, and Dagestan) and a population of 13 million.

The area was generally protected from even extreme glaciation for the last 50+ thousand years, and shows at least some evidence of habitation as far back as 80,000 years

"I had not realized that Haplogroup X had been found in southern Siberia prior to finding this abstract. I sure it will be fascinating to find out how it got there!"

Take a look (take the trip) on Oppenheimer's Journey Of Mankind and you'll see that there was a group exiled around the Meadowcroft area by the LGM. I believe this is the origins of the haplogroup X in North America.

It's my guess that the Toba eruption 74,000 years ago broke the link between the two groups with the haplogroup X.