While I can't claim direct knowledge, I do understand that a specified amount of ammunition must be present along with the rifle. It's not as if they can only have an unloaded weapon without any ammunition readily available. I'll try to find a link to the site where I read that.
Yes, the Swiss militiaman (Every male between certain ages) must keep a fully automatic assault rifle, or if an officer, a pistol, along with a sealed tin of ammunition. They can have more ammunition, and are encouraged to practice, but they must have that sealed tin available for emergencies. Subsidized ammunition is available at gun ranges. After they complete their militia service, which is decades after they begin, they may for a nominal fee, purchase their issue weapon and continue to keep it at home.