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To: JonDavid
Here's an example of when the executive branch had to intervine with a state. Notice that the state and federal courts often upheld segregation.

http://www.centralhigh57.org/1957-58.htm

February 8, 1956 The NAACP files suit on behalf of 33 black children denied admittance to four white schools.

August 28, 1956 Federal Judge John E. Miller dismisses the NAACP suit, declaring the Little Rock School Board had acted in "utmost good faith" in its integration plan. The NAACP files an appeal.

April 29, 1957 The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Louis upholds Judge Miller's dismissal.

Spring, 1957 There were 517 black students who lived in the Central High district and were eligible to attend Central in the fall. Eighty expressed an interest in doing so. Following interviews with the Superintendent and staff, 17 are selected for the first year of integration at Central. Eight of those later decide to remain at all-black Horace Mann High School.

Summer, 1957 With desegregation scheduled for September, opponents organize the Capital Citizens Council and the Mother's League of Central High School.

August 27, 1957 A member of the Mother's League files a motion seeking a temporary injunction against school integration. Pulaski County Chancellor Murray Reed grants the injunction "on the grounds that integration could lead to violence."

August 30, 1957 Federal District Judge Ronald Davies nullifies the injunction.

September 2, 1957 Governor Orval Faubus calls out the Arkansas National Guard to surround Little Rock Central High School to preserve the peace and avert violence that may be caused by extremists who came to Little Rock "in caravans."

September 3, 1957 Judge Davies orders desegregation to start the next day.

September 4, 1957 The nine black students attempt to enter Central High but are turned away by the National Guard.

September 9, 1957 The Council of Church Women issues a statement opposing segregation and deploring the Governor's calling out the guard. It calls for a citywide prayer service for September 12.

September 20, 1957 Judge Davies rules that Faubus had used the troops to prevent integration, not to preserve law and order as he claimed. The Governor removes the Guardsmen and the Little Rock Police Department takes over.

September 23, 1957 As a crowd of 1,000 mills around in front of the school, the nine black students go inside through a side door. A white student takes them to the principal's office where they are to receive their class assignments. When the mob learns the students are inside, it becomes unruly and the police fear they will be unable to maintain control. The black students are taken out of the school through a side door.

September 24, 1957 Little Rock Mayor Woodrow Mann sends President Eisenhower a telegram asking for federal troops to maintain order and complete the integration process. The President announces he is sending 1,000 members of the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock. He federalizes the 10,000-man Arkansas National Guard.

September 25, 1957 Under escort by the Army troops, the nine black students are escorted back into Central High.

209 posted on 03/23/2005 9:08:37 PM PST by pulaskibush
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To: pulaskibush

THANKS - I was trying to write about this the other day, and of course didn't have my facts and thought it was Mississippi!! Of course it was Arkansas.


215 posted on 03/23/2005 9:13:25 PM PST by nimbysrule
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