[Tench_Coxe]

"A giant asteroid hitting one of the planets and knocking it out of orbit would falsify the prediction, but this would not falsify what we know about the laws of motion."

OK. Let's accept this argument.
Now, knowing a trajectory of the asteroid, and it's mass, one can go back and determine the results.
Can you say the same for providing environmental conditions and predicting an end result?

[balrog666]

Now, knowing a trajectory of the asteroid, and it's mass, one can go back and determine the results. Can you say the same for providing environmental conditions and predicting an end result?

There is a limit beyond which the error bounds exceed your initial (and projected) measurements.