"n any case, the theory that each species originated separately from purely material chemical process strikes me as exceedingly unlikely. Hard to tell without seeing the math. But if there are, for purposes of the argument, 10,000,000 separate species, then this would seem nearly 10,000,000 times more unlikely than Darwinian evolution--which, in my opinion, is vanishingly improbable already."There are any number of folk about who have already done the calculations (in their heads!) and they "know" that there is life out there on many, many planets. Why life didn't arise a billion times on earth already, they are not able to say.