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AIAA-2002-1131

"OUTSIDE THE BOX" SPACE AND TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORTATION AND
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21st CENTURY

Theodore C. Loder, III[1]

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

Abstract

This paper reviews the development of antigravity research in the US and notes how research activity seemed to disappear by the mid 1950s. It then addresses recently reported scientific findings and witness testimonies - that show us that this research and technology is alive and well and very advanced. The revelations of findings in this area will alter dramatically our 20th century view of physics and technology and must be considered in planning for both energy and transportation needs in the 21st century.

Historical Background

Townsend Brown's Technology of Electrogravitics [1]

In the mid 1920's Townsend Brown [2] discovered that electric charge and gravitational mass are coupled. He found that when he charged a capacitor to a high voltage, it had a tendency to move toward its positive pole. This became known as the Biefeld-Brown effect. His findings were opposed by conventional minded physicists of his time.

The Pearl Harbor Demonstration. Around 1953, Brown conducted a demonstration for military top brass. He flew a pair of 3-foot diameter discs around a 50-foot course tethered to a central pole. Energized with 150,000 volts and emitting ions from their leading edge, they attained speeds of several hundred miles per hour. The subject was thereafter classified.

Project Winterhaven. Brown submitted a proposal to the Pentagon for the development of a Mach 3 disc shaped electrogravitic fighter craft. Drawings of its basic design are shown in one of his patents. They are essentially large-scale versions of his tethered test discs.

Review of Issues From the 1950s

Once Brown’s findings became well known, some scientists began to openly speak about the flying technology of UFOs, which had been observed extensively since the 1940s. None other than Professor Hermann Oberth, considered by some to be one of the fathers of the space age, who later worked in the US with Wernher von Braun, the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and NASA, stated the following in 1954: [3]

"It is my thesis that flying saucers are real and that they are space ships from another solar system." Perhaps of more interest to our present discussion on propulsion, he then stated that: "They are flying by the means of artificial fields of gravity...; They produce high-tension electric charges in order to push the air out of their paths, so it does not start glowing, and strong magnetic fields to influence the ionized air at higher altitudes. First, this would explain their luminosity... Secondly, it would explain the noiselessness of UFO flight..." We now know that he was fundamentally correct in his assessment.

In 1956, a British research company, Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. published a classified report on Electrogravitics Systems examining various aspects of gravity control. They summarized the pioneering work of Townsend Brown and then described the use of electrogravitic thrust as follows:

"The essence of electrogravitics thrust is the use of a very strong positive charge on one side of the vehicle and a negative on the other. The core of the motor is a condenser and the ability of the condenser to hold its charge (the K-number) is the yardstick of performance. With air as 1, current dielectrical materials can yield 6 and use of barium aluminate can raise this considerably, barium titanium oxide (a baked ceramic) can offer 6,000 and there is a promise of 30,000, which would be sufficient for supersonic speed." [4]

In one of their conclusions, based on Brown’s work, they suggested that: "Electrostatic energy sufficient to produce a Mach 3 fighter is possible with megavolt energies and a k of over 10,000.” [5]

In spite of Brown’s solid research, they later stated that, “One of the difficulties in 1954 and 1955 was to get aviation to take electrogravitics seriously. The name alone was enough to put people off.” [6] It seems that is as true today as it was in the 1950s.

A report by another British company, Gravity Rand, Ltd. in 1956, agrees with this assessment and states: "To assert electrogravitics is nonsense is as unreal as to say it is practically extant. Management should be careful of men in their employ with a closed mind or even partially closed mind on the subject." [7]

However, a trade press magazine, The Aviation Report, made a numerous references to antigravity projects and listed many of the companies pursuing research in this area. Quotes from The Aviation Report listed in the Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. report [8] are suggestive of what was going on behind the scenes.

In 1954 they predicted that: "... progress has been slow. But indications are now that the Pentagon is ready to sponsor a range of devices to help further knowledge."... "Tentative targets now being set anticipate that the first disk should be complete before 1960 and it would take the whole of the 'sixties to develop it properly, even though some combat things might be available ten years from now." (Aviation Report 12 October 1954) [9]

During this time period many of the major defense and technology companies were cited as either having research projects or activities in this new field. For example: "Companies studying the implications of gravitics are said, in a new statement, to include Glenn Martin, Convair, Sperry-Rand, and Sikorsky, Bell, Lear Inc. and Clark Electronics. Other companies who have previously evinced interest include Lockheed, Douglas and Hiller." (Aviation Report 9 December 1955) [10].

Others of these reports mention: AT&T, General Electric, as well as Curtiss-Wright, Boeing and North American as having groups studying electrogravitics.

During the same time period, the Gravity Rand report notes that: "Already companies are specializing in evolution of particular components of an electogravitics disk." [11]

However, in the area of predictions, the Aviation Report stated the following based on an extrapolation of technology development: "Thus this century will be divided into two parts – almost to the day. The first half belonged to the Wright Brothers who foresaw nearly all the basic issues in which gravity was the bitter foe. In part of the second half, gravity will be the great provider. Electrical energy, rather irrelevant for propulsion in the first half becomes a kind of catalyst to motion in the second half of the century." (Aviation Report 7 September 1954). [12]

Looking back it is easy to say that they missed the mark. Did they really miss it by a half a century? Reading through these reports it is quite obvious that there was much interest in antigravity among a number of very high profile companies, as well as in the Department of Defense. What happened to this interest and why was it all downplayed during the following four plus decades? After all, T. Brown had shown that there is a demonstrable connection between high voltage fields and gravity. Why has it taken until the 1990s for more than just a few scientists to look at these results and publish on them in the open literature? A review of recent statements by former military personnel and civilians connected to covert projects begins to shed light on research activity in these areas over the last half century. And it appears that there had been significant breakthroughs during this time period, well shielded from both the scientific and public eye.

Recent Scientific Developments

In this section we consider developments in the antigravity field since the late 1980s and why the confluence of scientific findings and the testimony of witnesses associated with the military and covert groups indicates that a gravity solution with technological implications has been found.

Although general relativity has not been able to explain Brown’s electrogravitic observations, or any other antigravity phenomenon, the recent physics methodology of quantum electrodynamics (QED), appears to offer the theoretical framework to explain electrogravitic coupling. Recent papers by members of the Institute for Advanced Study Alpha Foundation are putting a solid theoretical foundation onto the antigravity effects within the theory of electrodynamics and include papers by Evans [13] and Anastasozki et al. [14]

Earlier in a breakthrough paper in 1994, Alcubierre showed that superluminal space travel is, in principle, physically possible and will not violate the tenants of the theory of relativity [15]. Puthoff [16] later analyzed these findings in light of the present SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) paradigms that insist that we could not be visited by extraterrestrial civilizations because of the speed-of-light limitations dictated by the general relativity theory. He suggests that super-luminal travel is indeed possible. This leads to reduced-time interstellar travel and the possibility of extraterrestrial visitation, which our limited understanding of physics and scientific arrogance has “forbidden” in some sectors for most of the 20th century.

The second aspect of these physics findings deals with the zero point or vacuum state energy shown by the Casimir effect, which predicts that two metal plates close together attract each other due to imbalance in the quantum fluctuations. The implications of this zero point or vacuum state energy are tremendous and are described in several papers by Puthoff [17] starting during the late 1980s. A detailed bibliography on this and similar topics is available on the WWWeb. [18] Bearden [19] and colleagues have also written extensively on the theoretical physics of zero point energy and additionally have described various technological means of extracting this energy (for example see the recent paper by Anastasozki et al. [20]). A theoretical book on zero point energy by Bearden will soon be available. [21] There is significant evidence that scientists since Tesla have known about this energy, but that its existence and potential use has been discouraged and indeed suppressed over the past half century or more. [22] .

The coupling of the electrogravitic phenomena observations and the zero point energy findings are leading to a new understanding of both the nature of matter and of gravity. This is just now being discussed in scientific journals (though some evidence suggests that it has been understood for decades within the black project covert community). The question that is being addressed is: what keeps the universe running? Or more specifically, where do electrons get their energy to keep spinning around atoms? As electrons change state they absorb or release energy, and where does it come from? The simplistic answer is that it is coming from the vacuum state. Puthoff [23] describes the process as follows: "I discovered that you can consider the electron as continually radiating away its energy as predicted by classical theory, but SIMULTANEOUSLY ABSORBING a COMPENSATING AMOUNT of energy from the ever-present sea of zero-point energy in which the atom is immersed. An equilibrium between these two processes leads to the correct values for the parameters that define the lowest energy, or ground-state orbit (see "Why atoms don't collapse," NEW SCIENTIST, July 1987). Thus there is a DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM in which the zero-point energy stabilizes the electron in a set ground-state orbit. It seems that the very stability of matter itself appears to depend on an underlying sea of electromagnetic zero-point energy."

Furthermore, it appears that it is the spinning of electrons that provides inertia and mass to atoms. These theories, linking electron spin, zero point energy, mass, and inertia have been presented in a number of recent papers, such as those by Haisch [24] and colleagues and provide us with a possible explanation of the Biefield-Brown effect. It appears that an intense voltage field creates an electromagnetic barrier that blocks the atomic structure of an atom from interacting with the zero point field. This slows down the electrons, reducing their gyroscopic effect, and thus reducing atomic mass and inertia, making them easier to move around.

Evidence of Extensive Antigravity Technology

The B-2 Advanced Technology Bomber

In 1993, LaViolette wrote a paper [25] discussing the B-2 bomber and speculating on its probable antigravity propulsion system, based on a solid understanding of electrogravitics, [26] the aircraft’s design and the materials used in its manufacture. It appears that the craft is using a sophisticated form of the antigravity principles first described by T. Brown. Support for this thesis came from the Aviation Week and Space Technology (March 9, 1992), which reported that the B-2 bomber electrostatically charges its leading edge and its exhaust stream. Their information had come from a small group of former black project research scientists and engineers suggesting the B-2 utilizes antigravity technology. This information was supported by Bob Oechsler, an ex-NASA mission specialist who had publicly made a similar claim in 1990. These findings support the contention that there have been major developments in the area of antigravity propulsion which are presently being applied in advanced aircraft.

LaViolette later states the obvious that "the commercial airline industry could dramatically benefit with this technology which would not only substantially increase the miles per gallon fuel efficiency of jet airliners, but would also permit high-speed flight that would dramatically cut flight time." [27]

The Disclosure Project Witnesses

On May 9, 2001 a private organization, "The Disclosure Project" [28] held a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington DC. They presented nearly two dozen witnesses including retired Army, Navy and Air Force personnel, a top FAA official, members of various intelligence organizations including the CIA and NRO, and industry personnel, all of whom who had witnessed UFO events or had inside knowledge of government or industrial activities in this area. They also produced a briefing document [29] for members of the press and Congress and a book [30] which includes the testimony of nearly 70 such witnesses from a pool of hundreds. Although they all spoke of the reality of the UFO phenomena, many also spoke of covert projects dealing with antigravity, zero point energy technologies and development of alien reproduction vehicles (ARVs) by US black project and covert interests. The following excerpted quotes from these witnesses support the above contentions.

Dan Morris [31] is a retired Air Force career Master Sergeant who was involved in the extraterrestrial projects for many years. After leaving the Air Force, he was recruited into the super-secret National Reconnaissance Organization (NRO), during which time he worked specifically on extraterrestrial-connected operations. He had a cosmic top-secret clearance (38 levels above top secret) which, he states, no U.S. president, to his knowledge, has ever held.

"UFOs are both extraterrestrial and man made. Well, the guys that were doing the UFOs, they weren’t sleeping, and Townsend Brown was one of our guys who was almost up with the Germans. So we had a problem. We had to keep Townsend Brown - what he was doing on anti-gravity electromagnetic propulsion secret." He then describes a type of zero point energy device.

"Well, if you have one of these units that’s about sixteen inches long and about eight inches high and about ten inches wide, then you don’t need to plug into the local electric company. These devices burn nothing. No pollution. It never wears out, because there are no moving parts. What moves are electrons, in the gravity field, in the electronic field, and they turn in opposite directions, okay?"

"Dr. B." [32] (name withheld since he still works in this area) is a scientist and engineer who has worked on top-secret projects almost all his life. Over the years he has directly worked on or had involvement with such projects involving anti-gravity, chemical warfare, secure telemetry and communications, extremely high-energy space based laser systems, and electromagnetic pulse technology."

"Anti-gravity. As a matter of fact, I used to go out to the Hughes in Malibu. They had a big think tank up there. Big anti-gravity projects; I used to talk to them out here. I’d give them ideas, because they bought all my equipment. But the American public will never, never hear about that." . . . "This flying disc has a little plutonium reactor in it, which creates electricity, which drives these anti-gravity plates. We also have the next level of propulsion, it is called virtual field, which are called hydrodynamic waves..."

Captain Bill Uhouse [33] served 10 years in the Marine Corps as a fighter pilot, and four years with the Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB as a civilian doing flight-testing of exotic experimental aircraft. Later, for the next 30 years, he worked for defense contractors as an engineer of antigravity propulsion systems: on flight simulators for exotic aircraft - and on actual flying discs.

"I don’t think any flying disc simulators went into operation until the early 1960s - around 1962 or 1963. The reason why I am saying this is because the simulator wasn’t actually functional until around 1958. The simulator that they used was for the extraterrestrial craft they had, which is a 30-meter one that crashed in Kingman, Arizona, back in 1953 or 1952."

"We operated it with six large capacitors that were charged with a million volts each, so there were six million volts in those capacitors."..."There weren’t any windows. The only way we had any visibility at all was done with cameras or video-type devices."..."Over the last 40 years or so, not counting the simulators - I’m talking about actual craft - there are probably two or three-dozen, and various sizes that we built."

"A.H." [34] formally of Boeing Aerospace, is a person who has gained significant information from inside the UFO extraterrestrial groups within our government, military, and civilian companies. He has friends at the NSA, CIA, NASA, JPL, ONI, NRO, Area 51, the Air Force, Northrup, Boeing, and others.

"Most of the craft operate on antigravity and electrogravitic propulsion. We are just about at the conclusion state right now regarding antigravity. I would give it maybe about 15 years and we will have cars that will levitate using this type of technology. We’re doing it up at Area 51 right now. That’s some of the stuff that my buddy worked on up at Area 51 with Northrup, who lives now in Pahrump, Nevada. We’re flying anti-gravity vehicles up there and in Utah right now..."

Lieutenant Colonel Williams [35] entered the Air Force in 1964 and became a rescue helicopter pilot in Vietnam. He has an electrical engineering degree and was in charge of all the construction projects for the Military Air Command. During his time in the military he knew that there was a facility inside of Norton Air Force Base in California that no one was to know about.

"There was one facility at Norton Air Force Base that was close hold - not even the wing commander there could know what was going on. During that time period it was always rumored by the pilots that that was a cover for in fact the location of one UFO craft."

Note that all he knew was of the rumor, however, it is confirmed by the next testimony, which also confirms some of the comments made by Captain Uhouse.

Mark McCandlish [36] is an accomplished aerospace illustrator and has worked for many of the top aerospace corporations in the United States. A colleague, with whom he studied, has been inside a facility at Norton Air Force Base, where he witnessed alien reproduction vehicles, or ARVs, that were fully operational and hovering. He states that the US not only has operational antigravity propulsion devices, but we have had them for many, many years, and they have been developed through the study, in part, of extraterrestrial vehicles over the past fifty years.

A close friend, Brad Sorensen, told him of visiting The Big Hangar, during an air show at Norton Air Force Base on November 12, 1988 and how he had seen flying saucers in this hangar. "There were three flying saucers floating off the floor —no cables suspended from the ceiling holding them up, no landing gear underneath — just floating, hovering above the floor. He said that the smallest was somewhat bell-shaped. They were all identical in shape and proportion, except that there were three different sizes. They had little exhibits with a videotape running, showing the smallest of the three vehicles sitting out in the desert, presumably over a dry lakebed, some place like Area 51. It showed this vehicle making three little quick, hopping motions; then [it] accelerated straight up and out of sight, completely disappearing from view in just a couple of seconds — no sound, no sonic boom — nothing."

"Well, this craft was what they called the Alien Reproduction Vehicle; it was also nicknamed the Flux Liner. This antigravity propulsion system — this flying saucer — was one of three that were in this hangar at Norton Air Force Base. [Its] synthetic vision system [used] the same kind of technology as the gun slaving system they have in the Apache helicopter: if [the pilot] wants to look behind him, he can pick a view in that direction, and the cameras slew in pairs. [The pilot] has a little screen in front of his helmet, and it gives him an alternating view. He [also] has a little set of glasses that he wears — in fact, you can actually buy a 3-D viewing system for your video camera now that does this same thing — so when he looks around, he has a perfect 3-D view of the outside, but no windows. So, why do they have no windows? Well, it’s probably because the voltages that we’re talking about [being] used in this system were probably something between, say, half a million and a million volts of electricity." Brad Sorensen stated that at the ARV display, "a three star general said that these vehicles were capable of doing light speed or better."

All of these witness testimonies do not prove the existence of a successful US covert program in antigravity technologies. Only the demonstration of such craft coupled with the accompanying government and technical specification documents would ‘prove’ this. However, these testimonies coupled with information from other substantial sources such as Nick Cook’s new book mentioned below, strongly supports this contention.

The Hunt for Zero Point [37]

Although this very recent book (August, 2001) is not yet available in the US, it contains some of the strongest evidence yet for major efforts and success in the field of antigravity technology. The author, Nick Cook, who for the past 15 years has been the Aviation Editor and Aerospace Consultant for Jane’s Defense Weekly, spent the last 10 years collecting information for the book. This included archival research on Nazi Germany’s antigravity technology and interviews with top officials at NASA, the Pentagon and secret defense installations. He shows that America has cracked the gravity code and classified the information at the highest security levels. Because antigravity and its allied zero point energy technologies potentially offer the world a future of unlimited, non-polluting energy it has been suppressed because of the "huge economic threat". His findings support those reported by many of the Disclosure Project witnesses cited above.

Antigravity Technology Demonstrations

Although T. Brown reported many of his findings nearly a half century ago, other experimenters have just recently begun to reproduce his work and report it in the open literature and on the WWWeb. For example, Davenport [38] published the results of his work in 1995 supporting the findings of T. Brown. More recently, Transdimensional Technologies [39] in the USA and J. Naudin [40] labs in France have posted on the WWWeb: diagrams, web videos, and data on their versions of antigravity "Lifters" based on an extension of Brown’s work. It is a sad commentary on this whole area of research to see that public science is requiring us to demonstrate principles that were demonstrated nearly fifty years ago.

There have also been a number of other demonstrations of "antigravity" phenomena by researchers throughout the world. This includes the work of Brazilian physics professor, Fran De Aquino, and such devices as: the Searl Electrogravity Disc, the Podkletnov Gravity Shield and Project Greenglow, the Zinsser Kineto-baric Field Propulsion and the Woodward Field Thrust Experiments on Piezoelectrics. All of these are described in more detail by Greer and Loder. [41]

Implications of This Research

Antigravity and zero point energy research and their applications are finally being addressed by some of the open scientific community. This means there will have to be a rewriting of textbooks in this area so our new generation of students can apply this "new knowledge." Its application will lead to major breakthroughs in transportation technologies both earthside and in outer space. The implications are that we have the potential for human exploration of our solar system and beyond, if we have the will, within our lifetimes. It also means that the majority of 20th century space technology will be obsolete and in fact may already be so.

The zero point or vacuum state energy source is seen as a totally non-polluting energy source, which has the potential to replace all the fossil fuels on this planet. It also will provide the energy needed for long range space flights. This means that fuel cells and solar cells in common use today for space flight energy applications will only be needed until we transition to these new energy technologies.

Based on an analysis of trends in antigravity research over the last half-century and the information provided by numerous witnesses, it appears that there is both good and bad news. The good news is that it appears that we (at least covert projects) have already developed the theories of antigravity, and additionally have developed working spacecraft based on these principles. The bad news is that these technologies have been developed for at least several decades, at the public’s expense and that human kind has been deprived of these technologies, while continuing to waste energy using less efficient and pollution enhancing technologies.

Supporting this contention is the following quote from Ben Rich, former head of the Lockheed Skunkworks. Just prior to his death, he stated to a small group after a lecture that: "We already have the means to travel among the stars, but these technologies are locked up in black projects and it would take an act of God to ever get them out to benefit humanity..." He further went on to say that, ‘anything you can imagine we already know how to do.’ Strong words from a knowledgeable deep insider and words that support what a number of the witnesses stated as well.

As the reality of this knowledge begins to be understood, there will be an outcry among space scientists not on the inside for release of these technologies to allow all of us to explore space. There will be major changes in the way that NASA does its business, though predicting these changes is difficult.

Not only has space exploration in the public sector suffered, but our planet’s environment has suffered as well. Thus as this knowledge begins to sink in there will be an outcry among all concerned citizens on this planet for release of these technologies to allow all of us to reduce and ultimately eliminate global warming and environmental pollution that so threatens our way of life. These technologies will not only affect space travel technologies, but will also have a profound effect on transportation and energy production on the Earth’s surface.

In conclusion, we might consider the observation made by Halton Arp [42]:
"We are certainly not at the end of science. Most probably we are just at the beginning!"

Acknowledgements

I thank the following people for many discussions while preparing and writing this paper including: S. Greer, A. Craddock, T. Bearden, P. LaViolette, M. McCandlish, D. Hamilton, T. Valone, E. Mallove, T. Loder, C. Loder, S. Patel and many of the courageous Disclosure Project witnesses.

References Cited

[1] Copyright © 2002 by Theodore C. Loder. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. Presented at the 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno NV. Paper number AIAA-2002-1131.

[1] Quoted from: LaViolette, P. A. 2000. Moving Beyond the First Law and Advanced Field Propulsion Technologies. In T. Loder (ed.), "Outside-the-Box" Technologies, Their Critical Role Concerning Environmental Trends, and the Unnecessary Energy Crisis. Report prepared for The U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Comm.

[2] Brown, T. T. 1929. How I control gravity. Science and Information Magazine, Aug. 1929. Reprinted in Psychic Observer 37 (1): 66-67.

[3] Oberth, Hermann: "Flying Saucers Come from a Distant World," The American Weekly, October 24, 1954.

[4] Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. 1956. Electro-gravitics Systems: An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic counterbary and barycentric control. p. 14. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.

[5] Ibid. p. 27.

[6] Ibid. p. 19.

[7] Gravity Rand Ltd. 1956. The Gravitics Situation. p. 54. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.

[8] Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. 1956. Electrogravitics Systems: An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic counterbary and barycentric control. p. 11. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.

[9] Ibid. p. 34.

[10] Ibid p. 41.

[11] Gravity Rand Ltd. 1956. The Gravitics Situation. p. 47. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.

[12] Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. 1956. Electrogravitics Systems: An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic counterbary and barycentric control. p. 32. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.

[13] Evans, M. W. 2002. The link between the Sachs and O(3) theories of electrodynamics. In Evans, M.W. (ed.), Modern Nonlinear Physics, Pun 2. 2nd ed., Advances in Chemical Physics 19:469-494.

[14] Anastasovski, P.K., T.E. Bearden, C. Ciubotariu, W.T. Coffey, L.B. Crowell, G.J. Evans, M.W. Evans, R. Flower, A. Labounsky, B. Lehnert, M. Mészáros, P.R. Molnár, S. Roy, and J.-P. Vigier. In Press). Antigravity effects in the Sachs theory of electrodynamics Foundations of Physics Letters.

[15] Alcubierre, M. 1994. The Warp Drive: Hyper-fast travel within general relativity. Classical and Quantum Gravity, 11, L73.

[16] Puthoff, H. E. 1996. SETI, The Velocity-of-Light Limitation, and the Alcubierre Warp Drive: An Integrating Overview, Physics Essays 9:156.

[17] Puthoff, H. 1989. Gravity as a Zero-Point Fluctuation Force." Phys. Rev A., 39(5):2333-2342.

Puthoff, H. 1989. Source of Electromagnetic Zero-Point Energy." Phys. Rev A, 40(9):4597-4862.

[18] www.motionsciences.com

[19] See the Tom Bearden web site for an extensive listing and copies of his papers at: www.cheniere.org.

[20] Anastasovski, P.K., T.E. Bearden, C. Ciubotariu, W.T. Coffey, L.B. Crowell, G.J. Evans, M.W. Evans, R. Flower, A. Labounsky, B. Lehnert, M. Mészáros, P.R. Molnár, J.K. Moscicki, S. Roy, and J.P. Vigier. 2001. Explanation of the motionless electromagnetic generator with 0(3) Electrodynamics. Foundations of Physics Letters, 14(1):87-93.

[21] Bearden, T. 2002. Energy from the Vacuum: Concepts and Principles. World Scientific (In Press).

[22] Valone, T. 2000. The Right Time to Develop Future Energy Technologies. in T. Loder (ed.). "Outside-the-Box" Technologies, Their Critical Role Concerning Environmental Trends, and the Unnecessary Energy Crisis. Report prepared for The U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Comm.

[23] Puthoff, H. 1990. Everything for Nothing. New Scientist, 28 July 1990, pp. 52-55.

[24] Haisch, B., Rueda, A. and Puthoff, H. 1994. Beyond E =mc2 ; A First Glimpse of a Postmodern Physics, in which Mass, Inertia and Gravity Arise from Underlying Electromagnetic Processes. The Sciences, 34:26.

Haisch, B., Rueda, A., and Puthoff, H. 1997. Physics of the Zero-Point Field: Implications for Inertia, Gravitation and Mass. Speculations in Science and Technology, 20:99.

Haisch, B. and Rueda, A. 1998. An Electromagnetic Basis for Inertia and Gravitation: What Are the Implications for 21st Century Physics and Technology? in El-Genk, M. S. (ed.), Space Technology and Applications International Forum-1998, DOE CNF-980103, CP420, p. 1443.

Haisch, B. and Rueda, A. 1999. The Zero-Point Field and the NASA Challenge to Create the Space Drive. Proc. NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Workshop, NASA/CP-1999-208694, p. 55.

[25] LaViolette, P. 1993. The U.S. Antigravity Squadron p. 82-101. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005, p. 82-101.

[26] LaViolette, P. A. 1992. Electrogravitics: Back to the future. Electric Spacecraft, Issue 4, pp. 23-28.

LaViolette, P. A. 1993. A theory of electrogravitics. Electric Spacecraft, Issue 8, pp. 33-36

[27] LaViolette, P. A. 2000. Moving Beyond the First Law and Advanced Field Propulsion Technologies. in T. Loder (ed.). "Outside-the-Box" Technologies, Their Critical Role Concerning Environmental Trends, and the Unnecessary Energy Crisis. Report prepared for The U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Comm.

[28] Information available at: www.disclosureproject.org.

[29] Greer, S.M. and T.C. Loder III. 2001. Disclosure Project Briefing Document, 492 pp. Available on CD from: The Disclosure Project, P.O. Box 265, Crozet, VA 22932. Also available from: www.disclosureproject.org.

[30] Greer, S. M. 2001. Disclosure: Military and government witnesses reveal the greatest secrets in modern history. Crossing Point, Inc. Crozet, VA, 573 pp.

[31] Ibid. pp. 357-366.

[32] Ibid. pp. 262-270.

[33] Ibid. pp. 384-387.

[34] Ibid. pp. 391-403.

[35] Ibid. pp. 388-389.

[36] Ibid. pp. 497-510.

[37] Cook, N. 2001. The Hunt for Zero Point. Available from: www.amazon.co.uk.

[38] Deavenport, L. 1995. "T.T. Brown Experiment replicated". Electric Spacecraft Journal. Issue 16. Oct. 1995. (Reprinted in: Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electro-gravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005

[39] Transdimensional Technologies, 906-E Bob Wallace, Ave., Huntsville, AL 35801.

[40] http://jnaudin.free.fr

[41] Greer, S.M. and T.C. Loder III. 2001. Disclosure Project Briefing Document, 492 pp. Available on CD from: The Disclosure Project, P.O. Box 265, Crozet, VA 22932. Also available from: www.disclosureproject.org.

[42] Arp, H. 1998. Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science. Montreal, Aperion. (p. 249).

And, an interesting following new book review can be found at:

http://www.seaspower.com/crandallbook.htm

New Book Announcement:

They All Told The Truth: The Antigravity Papers

by Richard P. Crandall
(The discoverer of "negative mass" &
the co-discoverer of "gravitomagnetic" fields)
http://www.theyalltoldthetruth.com

WHAT IS THIS NEW BOOK:

This extremely important new book is truly the "other half" of the book "Disclosure" (available at http://www.disclosureproject.org). As a coin has 2 sides, so does the subject of antigravity and free-energy (or overunity) technology. The book "Disclosure" presents all the available evidence, of the existence of secret projects involving antigravity and free-energy, in the form of EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY of people who were actually involved in such government projects. This new book, "They All Told The Truth: The Antigravity Papers", by a different author, presents all the available evidence, of the existence of secret projects involving antigravity and free-energy, in the form of A GROUNDBREAKING & TOTALLY NEW "GRAND UNIFIED FIELD THEORY" OF PHYSICS, which proves beyond doubt (in a scientifically "forensic"-type manner) that the testimonies, of several government witnesses, must be true, accurate, and authentic. So this new book, coupled with the "Disclosure" book, together present the FULL PICTURE of antigravity & other secret technology.

Several of the witness accounts from the book "Disclosure" can be found in the new book "They All Told The Truth", and these particular accounts take on a whole new light & meaning when some of the physics aspects of their testimony is analyzed. Plus, there are witness accounts in this new book which do not appear in "Disclosure", including one witness who is a private citizen, who has no ties with the government.

AVAILABILITY:

This new book is now available (for credit card or other type orders) only from the publisher, Trafford Publishing. First, to learn about the contents of the book, please see one of the following websites: www.theyalltoldthetruth.com, www.tattt.com, OR, if you don't need to see the contents & explanation, you may go directly to the order page at: www.trafford.com/robots/03-0086.html

MISSION & PURPOSE:

A large part of the goals & mission of this new book is the same as the mission of the Disclosure Project, which is as follows. The Disclosure Project is working to fully disclose the facts about UFO's, extraterrestrial intelligence, and classified advanced energy and propulsion systems. The disclosure of the truth will have far-reaching implications for our society-- new technologies to end pollution and global warming, long-term solution to the energy crisis, and the beginning of an era of peaceful relations with other civilizations in space. And, here's a quote from the book "Disclosure": "That classified, above top-secret projects possess fully operational antigravity propulsion devices and new energy generation systems that, if declassified and put into peaceful uses, would empower a new human civilization without want, poverty, or environmental damage."

I was inspired by Dr. Steven Greer, several years ago, to study the subject of the physics & principles of antigravity propulsion systems. What I discovered is nothing short of phenomenal, and it serves to get some of the information about antigravity out, not by eyewitness testimony means, but by actually figuring out just how these "flying saucers" are actually able to fly. As my website says, "… This question now has an answer." Dr. Greer has graciously allowed me to place this information about my new book on his Disclosure Project website. I thank him infinitely for doing this for me.

CONTENTS:

A partial list of the book's contents is:

*) A new, self-consistent, combined theory of physics which takes us fully TWO levels of detail below that of the "quarks". The quark is currently the smallest known structure in physics, per the "Standard Model of Quantum Chromodynamics".
*) ZPE (i.e. Zero Point Energy) is not exactly what we once thought it was. The newest model of it, as presented in this book, is actually better & more understandable. And, it is incredibly easy to tap the unlimited supply of ZPE. Using it is safe, and is like using a "slow release atomic bomb". Vast energy is easily available and is in infinite supply.
*) How to build your own ZPE or antigravity device. Do it! Others HAVE DONE IT, and the book even points out a couple of video clips you can see on the Internet which show actually flying antigravity devices, whose operation is, of course, explained by my new theory.
*) Undeniable proof (based upon my new physics) that several ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS were given information about antigravity physics by Aliens. Yes folks, these aliens have been watching us for tens of thousands of years. Now, here's the final proof.
*) A WARNING. Learn about the basics of the technology which will be required to divert the orbital path of asteroid 4179 Toutatis, to make sure that it doesn't hit the Earth in September 2004. Right now, there is probably a 50/50 chance of this asteroid actually colliding with the Earth. Our current missile and/or laser technology is totally insufficient to handle the rogue asteroid threat. The solution to the problem will require the use of antigravity beam-forming devices as well as an antigravity propulsion platform to deliver the device quickly enough to the asteroid's current location. Please don't make me say "I told you so!…" in 2005.
*) And much, much more, packed with illustrations and photos.

AN INDEPENDENT BOOK REVIEW:

Of course Dr. Ted Loder of the Disclosure Project, really enjoyed reading the book. And, Dr. Hal Puthoff of Earthtech had some good things to say to me about the new physics theory. Now, here is an unsolicited book review which was written and then posted on some of the special interest Internet groups. I found it, and here's what it said. (I do not know this person who wrote the review).

"...a Nobel Prize just wouldn't be good enough!", June 2, 2003 Reviewer: Colin Quinney from Toronto, ON Canada.

Extracted Posting, from group: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/hameltech Message# 9288: "They All Told the Truth: The Antigravity Papers" Book Review C. Quinney 6/2/2003

Subject: "They All Told the Truth: The Antigravity Papers", Book Review

BOOK Title, Author, Publisher, Websites: "They All Told the Truth: The Antigravity Papers" by Richard P. Crandall

Trafford Publishing.
http://www.trafford.com/robots/03-0086.html or www.tattt.com or www.TheyAllToldTheTruth.com

I just finished reading this book today and it's quite long- maybe 800 pages of 8 by 11's. This is not only a book on how to build a simplified antigravity device. Richard P. Crandall also tells us in great detail *why* he believes it will work, and with the physics to back it up.

I have been reading on the subject of antigravity for about 45 years. I only have first year university, so am not qualified to analyse his unified theory that he has actually taken to below the level of quarks, because it requires a knowledge of physics that frankly is beyond me- PhD level at least.. Having said my caveat, my overall "lay" impression is that it is detailed, comprehensive, and *apparently* consistent. It *appears* to be reasonable. I could follow him step by step at the "lay" level, and he claims that Hal Puthoff looked at it from the PhD level and said that it looked very good. I do give Crandall high points for joining the dots between [apparently] disparate antigravity device claims. He appears to be much further along that road than some. Simplistically speaking he is dealing with the induction of antigravity by modulation of gravitomagnetism, but he explains all this on a very deep level while simultaneously developing his unified theory. There are some interesting and new simpler antigravity experimental designs in his book based on not only his own theories but relating and referencing to the experiments of Eugene Podkletnov, Henry Wallace, David Hamel, and an alleged design of a craft at S-4, Area 51.

Crandall's designs are much easier to implement. His theory explains (also in detail) the natural *source* of the significant power required to generate the necessary gravity waves. This will surprise you.

I was disappointed that there is no antigravity experiment that he had personally *completed*, although he gives a reference to an observation of free electrical energy noted as a side effect to an uncompleted antigravity experiment that he was currently working on.

He explains how and why David Hamel's device works. There is also brief stuff in the book about Hamel's alien contacts. You know. Like angels. I had a hard time dealing with that in what appears to be a hard physics presentation. It actually made me cringe. Yes, I am on also the Hameltech list and on ufo lists because I believe there is *overwhelming* evidence of aliens around us if we just open our eyes long enough to read about it, but I always personally "compartmentalize" the two subjects. I realize it's very important to leave no stone unturned and always try to keep an open mind. Frustrating sometimes, but important, and so I once visited David Hamel myself, and I have seen his *ship*. He's quite a personable and interesting older gentleman. I had to overcome my own personal biases because I have seen the close similarities between Hamel's design with several other claims, yet strangely enough David Hamel has *no* physics to speak of, no science library, and he is also *not* connected to the Internet, and so we are left scratching our heads about his *source*.

Anyway back to the book. It's jam-packed with ideas and math and physics that appear from my perspective to be consistently supporting his theory, and interestingly I am also aware of a couple of other antigravity claims that he did *not* mention that also tend to support his theories.

For US $49.00 I would say it's a good deal even if you are only an armchair theorist of "how those *devices* might work". This book is rich with ideas. Considering the amount of work (and paper) that he's put into it, and I don't think his return will be that great.

There are several experiments to try. If it turns out that he is correct, that fifty bucks will be the steal of a lifetime but the book then just *might* get suppressed. His brief mentioning of aliens in the book however guarantees that the mainstream will never accept his physics. I believe that he designed his book mainly for folks just like us. We, the experimenters and the members of these kinds of lists.

If you can get over the brief alien portion mixed right in with the hard physics then I would recommend that you read this book, yet it's still a gamble isn't it, because this book only *might* have a very great value. If he is correct however, a Nobel Prize just wouldn't be good enough.

Happy experimenting :-)

Best Regards,

Colin Quinney

An interesting list of assertions about our understanding of physics as well as propulstion can be read in the following article found at:

http://www.seaspower.com/Movingbeyond-LaViolette.htm

Moving Beyond the First Law and Advanced Field Propulsion Technologies

Paul A. LaViolette, Ph.D.
gravitics1@aol.com
October 4, 2000

1. The Repression of Nonconventional Energy Technologies.

According to U.S. patent law, a patent his the right to be issued if the technology is new and if it works. There is nothing in the legal code that says that the patent necessarily has to conform to theories of physics or chemistry as they happen to be defined by certain academic science societies. Unfortunately, administrators of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) have been illegally blocking the issuance of patents on new technologies that challenge current scientific thinking. This discrimination is often carried out in response to lobbying by Robert Park, who is Director of Public Information of the American Physical Society (APS), and by his affiliates. The process usually begins with media smear campaign aimed at defaming the inventors of nonconventional technologies or at embarrassing PTO examiners who hold scientific views they disagree with. Then this group of lobbyists email these media attacks to PTO administrators, or they may call up PTO officials with whom they have developed close associations to voice their dissatisfaction. The PTO administrators then respond in a knee jerk fashion to this outside pressure to either make sure that certain patents don't issue or to reprimand or even fire examiners who take an open minded approach to considering such new technologies.

An example is the BlackLight Power Corp. case. BlackLight's inventor Randall Mills has developed a process for producing large amounts of energy from normal tap water. This is the kind of technology that we need to solve the present energy crisis. The reality of this technology has been independently verified by other scientific laboratories.Yet, Mills and his company have been repeatedly attacked by this APS lobby through Robert Park's news postings on the society website, derisive editorials written in mainstream science magazines, in lectures at the 1999 APS annual meeting, and even in a book authored by Park. Because this technology challenges the currently popular theories of physics, this lobby has unjustly branded it as being fraudulent. PTO administrators obediently responded to this outside pressure by unlawfully withdrawing one of BlackLight's patents after it had already been slated to issue in February 2000. One of the PTO officials who was involved in taking this action has admitted that they did this in response to media attacks leveled against BlackLight. The company is now suing the Department of Commerce for this travesty of justice.

Another example concerns a patent awarded in February 2000 on an invention capable of sending communications faster than the speed of light. Witnesses attested that the invention worked as claimed. Yet shortly after the patent had issued, believing that the invention violated the theory of special relativity, Park posted a news item on the APS website which made fun of the PTO for having issued the patent. Arrangements were even made to have one patent website proclaim it to be the most ridiculous patent of the year. Papers published in refereed physics journals have described laboratory experiments in which waves have been made to travel faster than the speed of light. Yet disregarding this evidence, the Commissioner decided to side with the APS lobbyists. He severely reprimanded the patent examiner who had issued the patent and also threatened to fire his supervisor.

Also there is the case of the firing of two patent examiners, Tom Valone and Paul LaViolette. Park and the APS lobby had been ridiculing them because they had an interest in nonconventional energy technologies and because they were involved in organizing a conference that included papers on nonconventional energy technologies. They attacked the examiners in postings on the APS website, in magazine editorials, and in lectures presented at the 1999 annual APS meeting where they admitted to their ongoing efforts to secure the removal of anyone at the PTO who sympathized with cold fusion technology. They also initiated an email campaign to PTO officials as well as made personal contacts with PTO officials. Within a day of this email blitz, Paul LaViolette was given notice of termination and proceedings were begun against Tom Valone which resulted in his removal 5 months later. Both examiners at the time had a commendable record of job performance. Both examiners now have Justice Department litigation pending on this matter.

As a result of similar discrimination, government research moneys are routinely withheld from companies or individuals trying to develop such cutting edge ideas. In the name of preserving an outmoded set of theories that they claim their particular view. Government officials need to recognize that a working technology should not be suppressed just because it lies outside of the current scientific paradigm and produces results that refute that paradigm. The goal should be to solve society's problems, not to reaffirm outmoded theories espoused by today's enfranchised physicists and chemists.

2. The Nonconventional Energy Technology Bill of Rights.

Nonconventional technologies may be our only hope for solving the problems that presently lie ahead of us, but they are currently the underdog. We need an affirmative action program to educate government agencies and mainstream media to develop a more positive attitude toward nonconventional technologies, to treat the researchers of these technologies in a fair manner, and to stop engaging in witch hunts. If we are going to deal with the problems we face, the scientific community needs to make a radical paradigm shift. They have to adopt a radically different attitude with respect to what is possible and what is not. There is not much time.

3. The First Law of Thermodynamics is not inviolable.

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy may be neither created nor destroyed. But there is evidence that nature routinely violates the First Law.

Energy creation: The discovery that the jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) lie along the same luminosity trend line as stars of the lower main sequence (e.g. red dwarfs) throws a monkey wrench into theories of how stars generate their energy. Nuclear energy cannot explain this correspondence. One very simple solution to this problem is that a photon's energy is not constant, that photon's inside celestial bodies slowly blue shift – increase their energy over time. Thus energy is being continuously created in stars throughout the universe. This so called "genic energy" emerges as a prediction of a new physics methodology called subquantum kinetics. Since red dwarfs make up most of the stars in our Galaxy, as a rule genic energy may be the dominant energy creation mechanism. Nuclear energy becomes important only in the much rarer, massive stars such as our Sun. Consequently, most of the stars in the universe may be run on "free energy" in violation of the First Law.

Although this rate of energy creation is ten orders of magnitude smaller than what can be detected in laboratory experiments, it nonetheless weakens the arguments of those who maintain that the First Law is an inviolable doctrine of nature. If nature violates it, why can't we violate it also? Physics needs to make a major shift in thinking, shed their linear models which predict that there is no such thing as a free lunch, and embrace the newly emerging nonlinear models which allow the possibility that matter and energy may be created and destroyed.

4. Gravity Field Propulsion is Real: Townsend Brown's Technology of Electrogravitics.

In the mid 1920's Townsend Brown discovered that electric charge and gravitational mass are coupled. He found that when he charged a capacitor to a high voltage, it had a tendency to move toward its positive pole. This became known as the Biefeld-Brown effect. His important findings were opposed by conventional minded physicists of his time.

The Pearl Harbor Demonstration. Around 1953, Brown conducted a demonstration for top brass from the military. He flew a pair of 3 foot diameter discs around a 50 foot course tethered to a central pole. Energized with 150,000 volts and emitting ions from their leading edge, they attained speeds of several hundred miles per hour. The subject was thereafter classified.

Project Winterhaven. Brown submitted a proposal to the Pentagon for the development of a Mach 3 disc shaped electrogravitic fighter craft. Drawings of its basic design are shown in one of his patents. They are essentially large scale versions of his tethered test discs.

Aviation Studies International. They are a think tank that produces intelligence studies for the military. In 1956 they issued a report entitled "Electrogravitics Systems" which called for major government funding to develop Townsend Brown's electrogravitics technology and make Project Winterhaven a reality. The report stated that most of the aerospace was actively researching this antigravity technology. It named companies such as: Glenn-Martin, Convair, Sperry-Rand, Bell, Sikorsky, Douglas, and Hiller. Other companies who entered the field included Lockheed and Hughes Aircraft, the latter being regarded by some as the world leader in the field. This report was initially classified. It was missing from the Library of Congress collection. Their staff made a computer search and found that the only other known copy was located at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. I obtained it from there through interlibrary loan. It is now published in the book Electrogravitics Systems, T. Valone (editor)./p>

Northrop's Wind Tunnel Tests. In 1968, engineers at the Northrop Corp. performed wind tunnel tests in which they charged the leading edge of a wing to a high voltage. They were investigating how this technique could be used beneficially to soften the sonic boom of aircraft. Hence they were performing large scale tests on Brown's electrogravitic concept. Brown's R&D company had previously made known that sonic boom softening would be a beneficial side effect of this electrogravitic propulsion technique. Interestingly, Northrop later became the prime contractor for the B-2 bomber.

The B-2 Bomber. In 1992, black project scientists disclosed to Aviation Week and Space Technology magazine that the B-2 electrostatically charges its exhaust to a high voltage and also charges the leading edge of its wing-like body to the opposite polarity. This information led Dr. LaViolette in 1993 to reverse engineer the B-2's propulsion system. He proposed that the B-2 is essentially a realization of Townsend Brown's patented electrogravitic aircraft. The B-2 is capable of taking off under normal jet propulsion. But when airborne, its electrogravitic drive may be switched on for added thrust. This system can only be turned on under dry conditions. If the B-2's dielectric wing were to become wet, the applied high voltage charge would short out, which explains why the B-2 is unable to fly in the rain.With electrogravitic drive, the B-2 is able to drastically cut its fuel consumption, possibly even to zero under high speed flight conditions.

The commercial airline industry could dramatically benefit with this technology which would not only substantially increase the miles per gallon fuel efficiency of jet airliners, but would also permit high-speed flight that would dramatically cut flight time.

Subquantum Kinetics Predicts Antigravity Effects. General relativity doesn't explain the Biefeld-Brown electrogravitic effect or any other antigravity phenomenon since it predicts that masses have just one gravitational polarity and should only attract one another. It allows the possibility of charge-mass coupling, only at very high energies, such as those attainable in particle accelerators far more powerful than any thus far built. The subquantum kinetics physics methodology, however, offers a much needed answer to the insufficiencies of relativity. It predicts that gravitational mass should have two polarities (+ and -) and that these mass polarities should be correlated with the charge polarity of a particle. According to subquantum kinetics, Brown's electrostatic disc should establish a gravitational field gradient from front to back which has the effect of propelling the disc forward. The movement of the charges may contribute an even larger thrust effect. The same would apply to the B-2 bomber.

5. Other Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technologies.

The Searl Electrogravity Disc and Russian Experiments. This device, developed over 40 years ago by the British engineer John Searl, consisted of a segmented rotating disc each of whose segments was supported by a set of cylindrical permanent magnets rolling within a circumferential track. It is alleged to have achieved complete lift off. In the past few years two Russian scientists associated with the Russian National Academy of Sciences, Roschin and Godin, have built a simplified version of the Searl Disc that confirms its anomalous weight loss effects. They spun a 1 meter diameter disc at 600 rpm and obtained a 35% reduction in its weight while at the same time generating a 7 kilowatt excess electric power output.

The Podkletnov Gravity Shield and Project Greenglow. A research team in Finland led by Dr. Podkletnov were experimenting with a rotating superconducting disc that was floated on a repelling magnetic field generated by a series of electromagnets. In 1996, they reported that the disc was able to partially screen the Earth's gravitational field, reducing the weight of objects positioned above the disc by two percent. Greater weight reductions are envisioned by stacking several discs over one another. Besides propulsion, there are obvious applications to tapping the resulting gravity differential for mechanical power generation. In the last few years, BAE Systems a company formed by the merger of British Aerospace with Marconi Electronic Systems, has been researching the Podkletnov gravity shield. They are doing this work under Project Greenglow, a project they have set up to investigate the feasibility of nonconventional technologies.

The De Aquino Antigravity Effect. A Brazilian university professor, Fran De Aquino, has produced a 50% weight reduction in a 2 foot diameter, annealed pure iron toroid weighing 77 pounds. He does this by internally energizing the toroid with 10 kilowatts of 60 cycle electromagnetic radiation. His data predicts complete weightlessness of the torroid could be achieved with a 15 kilowatt power input.

Gravito Inertial Lift System. Aerospace engineer Jim Cox has recently improved on the Dean Drive, an inertial propulsion engine that was patented in May 1959. He reports tests demonstrating an upward thrust equal to 90% of the engine's weight. It uses a 1/4 horsepower motor to revolve two counter-rotating rotors, each about 1 cm in diameter, spinning them at about 600 rpm for a power consumption of about 200 watts. The lift is gotten by sinusoidally oscillating the rotors up and down and coupling them to the lift platform on their upward stroke. He obtains about 45 pounds of lift force per horsepower (~55 pounds/kw). He plans by the end of the year to have a freely lifting device which would be spun to 1200 rpm with a 1/2 horsepower motor drawing 400 watts. He estimates that using this technology a 200 horsepower automobile engine would be capable of generating a lift force of about 9000 pounds.

Kineto-baric Field Propulsion. German scientist Rudolph Zinsser discovered that sawtooth electromagnetic waves could be made to push distant objects. He produced a radio tube circuit that transmitted 45 megahertz radio waves having a sharp rise and gradual fall. His experiments demonstrated that these waves could exert impulses of up to 104 to 105 dyne seconds, which is equivalent to the application of about 1 to 3 ounces of force for a period of one second. He found that this force could be generated with an amazingly low input power, the output-force–to–input-power ratio surpassing that of conventional propulsion methods by several powers of ten. His projections imply a thrust of 1350 pounds force per kilowatt.

Field Thrust Experiments on Piezoelectrics. James Woodward, a physics professor at Cal State Fullerton, is conducting research that indicates that electromagnetic waves can induce lofting forces in piezoelectric ceramic media. His ideas are described in a 1994 U.S. patent and in a 1990 physics journal article. Woodward has conducted experiments that confirm this thrust effect in the audio frequency range (~10,000 Hertz), and his calculations suggest that it may be substantially increased at higher frequencies, with optimal performance being obtained in the microwave range (0.1 to 10 gigahertz). His work has gotten some support from DoE.

The Author

Since 1984, Dr. Paul LaViolette has been president of the Starburst Foundation, an institute that conducts interdisciplinary scientific research in physics, astronomy, geology, climatology, systems theory, and psychology. He has degrees in physics and Systems Science and has authored four books: The Talk of the Galaxy (2000), Earth Under Fire (1997), Beyond the Big Bang (1995) and Subquantum Kinetics (1994). In addition he has authored 34 papers appearing in books, scientific journals and conference proceedings on topics ranging from subquantum kinetics and the unified field theory, to ice polar ice cores to the big bang theory and to antigravity research. He is listed in the 1996 edition of Marquis Who's Who in Science and Engineering. For more information about his books, please visit his web site at

www.etheric.com .